By: Denise Anne Berdera and Riza Mae Zamora

• Uses spoken or written words to

communicate a message
• Alongside speaking, listening is an
equally important skill for this type of
communication to be successful.
• Use of body language, gestures, facial
expressions, and even posture to
communicate.
• It sets the tone of a conversation, and
can seriously undermine the message
contained in your words if you are not
careful to control it.
• LANGUAGE is a set of arbitrary
symbols which create possible
combination of utterances primarily
used for communication. It’s arbitrary
because it represent a one-to-one
correspondence.
• Rather, it is arbitrary because the
users of the language in a
particular speech community have
subconsciously unconsciously
agreed that a particular symbol or a
word represents a particular idea or
object.
• Refers to the level and style of spoken
and written discourse depending on the
context you are in.
• It determines the vocabulary, tone, and
structure of your language.
• Three types of LANGUAGE REGISTERS:
FORMAL, INFORMAL and NEUTRAL
•This type of register is used in a
professional context. It is highly
structured, impersonal, and more
serious in tone, vocabulary and
grammar
• Informal language is casual,
personal, and more intimate in its
tone, sentence structure, and choice of
words. This is appropriate when
communicating with people you
know very well.
• Ex: family, friends, relatives.
•This is more factual and non-
emotional type of language
register.
•This is mostly used in highly
business-oriented and technical
contexts.
 Language Register Genres and Contexts Language Features
Formal • Business letters • Adheres to rules of
• Letters of complaint grammar and
• Academic essays mechanics(punctuation,
• Reports abbreviation, spelling
• Official speeches ,etc.)
• Announcements • Uses third person point-
• Professional emails of-view(he, she, they, etc.)
• Job interviews • Uses sentences in active
• Business meetings voice
• Conferences • No slang, hyperbole and
• Public forums clichés or slang
abbreviation
• Less abbreviations and
acronyms
• Uses complete and more
complex sentences
 Language Register Genres and Contexts Language Registers

Informal • Personal emails • Does not necessarily

• Text messages adhere to rules of
• Short notes grammar and mechanics
• Friendly letters • Uses first and second
• Most blogs person point-of-view
• Diaries and journals • Uses sentences in passive
• Dating voice
• Chatting or hanging out • Slang may be allowed
with friends • Presence of emoticons or
• Acquaintance parties “emojis”
• Coffee table session • Uses phrases, fragments,
clauses or simple sentences
Language Register Genres and Contexts Language Features

Neutral • Reviews • Almost similar to

• Articles formal register
• Some letters though it uses more
• Some essays jargons (terms
• Technical writing unique to a specific
• Business field or profession)
presentations –For example, doctors
• International have medical jargons
conferences that only they can
readily understand
(idiopathic, GA, D/C)
• As noted by John Stoker, a higher percentage
(93%) of communication is manifested
through non-verbal behaviors.
• Non-verbal messages refer to the cues that
are sent through body language, posture,
gesture, movements, facial expressions, and
appearance that are used in place of or
simultaneously with verbal messages.
•As categorized by Verderber et al.
(2015), non-verbal messages are
grouped into four: KINESICS,
PARALANGUAGE, PROXEMICS
and CHRONEMICS
• The technical name for the
interpretation that comes along with
motions when someone communicates
is KINESICS.

• This includes gestures, movements,

posture, eye contact, facial expression,
and touch.
• With the use of voice. Voice should
have intelligibility, variety, and
understandable patterns.
• Intelligibility pertains to the loudness
of your voice, rate of your speech,
pronunciation and enunciation.
• Variety refers to your pitch, force and
pauses. If you vary these aspects of
your voice, you can avoid monotony.
• Stress is the emphasis put on a certain
syllable or word/s. Putting too much
stress might be considered rude for
some cultures; thus it should be used
judiciously and sparingly
•The technical term used to study
how space and distance
communicate is PROXEMICS.
•There are three types: Personal,
Territorial and Acoustic space
•This is the distance one consciously
maintains when interacting with
others. The more intimate your
relationship with another person,
the more that you allow him or her
to be near your personal space
•This is the physical space
which implies your sense
of authority and
ownership.
•This is the area where the voice of
the speaker is either heard or not.
Competent speakers take this into
account and accordingly adjust
their volume and rate of speech to
match the space or make their
voice audible.
• Refers to how people perceive and
value time
• In a monochronic culture, “TIME IS OF
THE ESSENCE”
• However, in a polychronic culture,
people usually consider the “LUXURY
OF TIME” so waiting is not an issue.