What is The Cone of Experience?

• First introduced in Dale’s

1946 book, Audio-Visual
Methods in Teaching
• Designed to “show the
progression of learning
experiences” (Dale (1969) p. 108)
from the concrete to the
abstract
Purposes of Using Teaching Learning
Resources
• Motivate Learners – Capturing attention is the first step to any learning. Teaching learning resources
help in capturing the attention of learner in 9 Non-digital TeachingLearning Resources classroom.
Once motivated to look at teaching learning resources, the children are curious to learn new things.
Teaching learning resources provide a variety of stimuli, which help in making classroom teaching
most effective.

• Help in Longer Retention of Information – The more the number of sensory channels involved in
interacting with teaching learning resources, the longer will be the retention of information.
Therefore, the learning will be effective and will last long.
• • Facilitate Holistic Learning – You have read about Blooms –Taxonomy of Objectives. Learning
objectives to be achieved through classroom teaching in all domains- cognitive, affective and
psychomotor. Therefore, to achieve varied objectives, varied learning experiences need to be
provided, which can be done through the use of teaching learning resources.
• 5.4.1 Meaning of Non-digital Learning Resources

• Non digital teaching learning resources, as the name suggests, means those teaching learning
resources which are developed or used by a teacher or any other individual, not with the help of
digital technology. Prior to the availability of digital mediums like computer, Mobile, Internet, etc.
a teacher used to take the help of teaching-learning aids developed by him/her in his/her
teaching activities. These teaching-learning aids which are developed by teacher himself/ herself
mainly constitute non-digital teaching learning resources. For example, pictures, models, charts,
etc. are developed and used by teachers in classroom teaching. Let us try to study a few of these
non digital teaching learning resources in detail, which you can easily use in your classroom
teaching
• Help in Organizing Classroom Teaching – As a teacher you need to organize learning experiences,
making them as realistic as possible. You can use visual or verbal teaching learning resources to
present accurate data in sequentially organized manner. This helps teacher to verbal and visual
communication in classroom. Thus, you may use teaching learning resources to overcome
shortcomings in verbal or visual communication.
• • Facilitate change in Attitude – Teaching learning resources also help in changing attitude of
learners towards learning in general and subject content in particular. Pictures, models and other
teaching learning resources help in inculcation of positive attitude of learners.

• • Application of Theoretical Knowledge into Practical ApplicationsTeaching learning resources

show application of theoretical knowledge into practical applications. The theoretical knowledge
studied in class is shown in concrete form through teaching learning resources for effective
learning.
• • Teaching learning resources help in making learning fun in the classroom.
Students enjoy the novelty of handling new objects and learn new concepts
through them.

• • Teaching learning resources facilitate the formation and attainment of concepts

among children. They concretize the abstract concepts; thus children are able to
understand them and not resort to rote learning.
Types of Non-digital Learning Materials
1. Pictorial media
a. Flat Pictures - group of coloured points on a flat surface that looks the
same as something else. For example, a picture can look the same as an
object or a person
b. Reading Pictures- pictorial media that promotes literacy

2. Photographs - a picture made using a camera, in which an image is focused onto film or other
light-sensitive material and then made visible and permanent by chemical treatment, or stored
digitally.

3. Illustrations- is a decoration, interpretation or visual explanation of a text, concept or

process, designed for integration in published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines,
books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films