LIGHT AND VENTILATION

MEASUREMENT & SIZE

PULGO,SHIELA-MAY I.
 LIGHT – something that makes vision
possible.

 VENTILATION-moves outdoor air into a building or a

room , and distributes the air within the building or room.
 Purpose : is to provide healthy air for breathing by both
diluting the pollutants originating in the building and
removing the pollutants from it..
 BUILDING VENTILATION HAS THREE BASIC
ELEMENTS

 Ventilation rate – the amount of outdoor air

that is provided into the space, and the quality
of the outdoor air.

 Airflow direction - the overall airflow direction

in a building which should be from clean zones
to dirty zones.
 Air distribution or airflow pattern – the external
air should be delivered to each part of the
space in an efficient manner and the airborne
pollutants generated in each part of the space
should also be removed in an efficient manner.
THREE METHODS TO VENTILATE THE BUILDING

 Natural Ventilation – Natural forces drive

outdoor air through purpose-built, building
envelope openings.It depends on
climate,building design and human behaviour.
 Natural ventilation advantages

Geometry of space
 Good room height – at least 2.5 m and preferably 2.7 m
or more.
 Single sided ventilation – the room depth should not
exceed 2.5 times the room height, and never more than
10 m.
 Cross ventilation - the room depth should not exceed 5
times the room height.
 Stack ventilation – the distance from the facade to the
rooflights should not exceed 5 times the room height.
 Mechanical Ventilation – Mechanical fans drive
mechanical ventilation. A balanced mechanical
ventilation system refers to the system where
air supplies & exhausts have been tested and
adjusted to meet design specifications
 Hybrid or mixed-mode ventilation
- relies on natural driving forces to provide the
desired (design) flow rate. It uses mechanical
ventilation when the natural ventilation flow rate
is too low.
LIGHTING & VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS
 A.)Rooms : Every habitable room which should
have for the admission of air & light, one or
more apertures such as windows &
fanlights,openings directly to the external air or
into an open verandah and of an aggregate
area,inclusive of frames, of not less than
 1. One-tenth of the floor area excluding doors
for dry hot climate.
 2. One sixth of the floor area excluding doors
for wet/hot climate.
 No portion of a room should be assumed as
lighted if is more than 7.5m away from the door
or window which is taken for calculation as
ventilating that portion.

 Cross-Ventilation- by means of windows &

ventilators or both shall be effected in at least
living room of tenement either by means of
windows in opposite walls or if this is not
possible or advisable ,then at least in the
adjoining walls.
 B.) Bathrooms and water closets : The rooms
should be provided with natural light &
permanent ventilation by one of the ff. means:

 i. Windows having an area of not less than 10%

of the floor area and located in an exterior wall
facing a street alley, yard or an air shaft whose
dimensions in the direction perpendicular to
the window is not less than one-third the height
of the building on which the window is located,
subject to a minimum limit of 1m and
maximum 6m.
 ii. Skylights, the construction of which shall provide
light and ventilation required in (i) above.
 iii. Ventilation ducts: Provided such ducts have
130 square cm of area for each square meter of
area with a minimum total area of 300 square cm
and least dimension of 9cm.
 C.) Stores, backrooms: These will have atleast half
the ventilation required for living room.
 D.) Basement and floors: Basements and rooms
located therein except room shall be lighten and
ventilated by windows in exterior walls having a
ventilating area of not less than 2.5% of the floor
area.
 E) Kitchen : shall be ventilated according to
standards prescribed for habitable rooms near the
ceiling as far as possible.
 F.) Stairways: every staircase should be lighted and
ventilated from an open air space of not less than
3m depth measured horizontally in case of ground
and one upper floor structure, 4.5 m in case of
ground and two upper and in higher structure than
this, the open air space shall not be less than 6m,
provided that the lighting area shall not be less
than 1 sq.m per floor height. Every staircase shall
be ventilated properly.
 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR LIGHT AND
VENTILATION.
 (a) No person shall occupy as owner or
occupant, or let to another for occupancy, any
dwelling or dwelling unit, for the purpose of
living therein, which does not comply with the
requirements of this section.
 (b) Every habitable room must have at least one window or
skylight facing directly outdoors (provided that if connected to a
room or area used seasonally (e.g., porch) then adequate
daylight must be possible through this interconnection). The
minimum total window area, measured between stops, for
every habitable room is not less than ten percent (10%) of the
floor area of that room. Whenever walls, or other portions of
structures, face a window of the room, and light obstructing
structures are located less than three feet (3') from the window
and extend to a level above that of the ceiling of the room, the
window is not deemed to face directly to the outdoors and shall
not be included as contributing to the required minimum total
window area. Whenever the only window in a room is a skylight
type window in the top of the room, the total window area of
the skylight shall equal at least ten percent (10%) of the total
floor area of the room. Each window is not less than three (3)
square feet in area.
 (c) Every habitable room must have at least one
window or skylight facing directly outdoors which
can be easily opened, or other device to
adequately ventilate the room; provided, that if
connected to a room or area used seasonally, then
adequate ventilation must be possible through this
interconnection. The total of openable window
area in every habitable room must be equal to at
least fifty percent (50%) of the minimum window
area size, or minimum skylight type window size,
as required in this section, except where there is
supplied some other device affording adequate
ventilation and lighting approved by the
appropriate authority.
 (d) Every bathroom and water closet
compartment and nonhabitable room used for
food preparation must comply with the light
and ventilation requirements for habitable
rooms contained in this section, except that no
window or skylight is required in adequately
ventilated bathrooms and water closet
compartments equipped with a ventilation
system approved by appropriate authority.
 (e) Where there is usable electric service available
from power lines, not more than three hundred
feet (300') away from a dwelling, every dwelling
unit, and all public and common areas, must be
supplied with electric service, outlets and fixtures
which are properly installed, maintained in good
and safe working condition, and connected to the
source of electric power in a manner prescribed by
the ordinances, rules, and regulations of the
corporate unit. The minimum capacity of these
services, and the minimum number of outlets and
fixtures, are as follows:
 (1) Every habitable room must have electric service and
outlets and/or fixtures capable of providing at least
three (3) watts per square foot of floor area.

 (2) Every habitable room and nonhabitable room used

for food preparation must have at least one floor or wall
type electric convenience outlet for each sixty (60)
square feet, or fraction thereof, of floor area, and in no
case less than two (2) outlets.

 (3) Every water closet compartment, bathroom, and

kitchen or kitchenette, laundry room, furnace room, and
public hall must contain at least one supplied ceiling, or
wall, electric light fixture.
 (4) Convenient switches or equivalent devices for turning
on one light in each room or passageway must be
located so as to permit the area ahead to be lighted.

 (5) Every public hall and stairway in every multiple

dwelling must be adequately lighted by natural or
electric light at all times to provide in all parts at least
six (6) footcandles of light at the tread or floor level.
Every public hall and stairway, in structures containing
not more than three (3) dwelling units, may be supplied
with conveniently located light switches, controlling an
adequate lighting system which may be turned on when
needed, instead of full time lighting.