Prepared by: Engr. Emmanuel T.

Longares, PECE
Topic 1: Introduction to Data
Communications (1 Hour)
Specific Objectives:

1. To identify the purpose and uses of personal computers;

2. To describe local and network applications;

3. To describe the different types of convergence;

4. To describe the purpose of OS and identify the common

OS; and

5. To understand the topologies.

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Gospel Reading

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Introduction
 The technological advances around the world
was started as early as 1970s.
 Data is defined as information that is stored in
digital form.
 Datum is a single unit of data.
 Information is defined as knowledge or
intelligence.
 Data Communications - can be summarized
as the transmission, reception, and processing
of digital information.
- transfer of digital or analog data using
digital or analog signals.

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  A Network is a set of devices (sometimes called
nodes or stations) interconnected by media links. Data
communications networks are systems of interrelated
computers and computer equipment and can be as
simple as a personal computer connected to a printer
or two personal computers connected together through
public telephone network.
Computer Network – is an interconnection of
computers and computing equipment using either
wires or radio waves and can share data and
computing resources.

There is virtually no limit to the capacity or size of a

data communications network.
 The list of applications for data communications
network is virtually endless.
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Acronyms or Terminologies
 PAN- Personal Area Network
 LAN - Local Area Network
 MAN - Metropolitan Area Network , span
up to 50 Km
 WAN - Wide Area Network
 MODEM – Modulation and demodulation
 CODEC - Coding and Decoder
 Computers – mainframes, desktop,
laptops, servers, workstations, and hand
held portable devices.

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 Servers – computers that store network
software and shared or private user files.

Switches – which are collection of points for

the wires that interconnected the workstations.

Routers – connecting devices between LAN

and WAN.

Nodes – which are computing devices that

allow workstations to connect to the network and
that make the decisions about where to route a
piece of data.
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 ISP - Internet Service Provider

PDA – Personal Digital Assistant

Sub-Network or Cloud – consists of nodes

and transmission lines, collected in cohesive unit.

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The evolution of digital
transformation

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The Big Picture of Network

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Convergence
Convergence is defined as the process of
coming together toward a single point.

Three Different Types of Convergence

1. Technological Convergence
2. Protocol Convergence
3. Industrial Convergence

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IT Industrial Application 1: Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)
IT Industrial Application 2:
Building Automation Control
IP Based Surveillance and
Monitoring Devices
Voice Over Internet Protocol
Phones (VOIP)

Source: http://www.sulit .com

Personal Computer Hardware
Three required components in PC:
1. Hardware – a physical component s,
both internal and external, that make up
a computer.
2. Operating System - a set computer
programs that manages the hardware
of a computer.
3. Application Software – programs
loaded on the computer to perform
specific functions.

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Local and Network Applications
1. Business Software
- designed for use
for specific industry
or market.
2. General Use
Software
- used by a wide
range of
organizations and
home users for
various purposes.

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Classes of Computers
There are many different types of
computers available including:
- Mainframe
- Server
- Desktop
- Workstation
- Laptop
- Handheld

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Types of Computers
1. Servers – are high performance
computers used in business and other
organizations. Provide services to many
end users or client.
2. Desktop – are commonly used to run
applications such as word processing,
spreadsheet, and network applications.
3. Workstations – are high powered
business computers.

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 Portable Devices

These portable devices vary in size, power and

graphics capability:

•Laptop or notebook PC
•Tablet PC
•Pocket PC
•Personal Digital Assistance (PDA)
•Gaming Device
•Cell phones

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Sample of Portable Devices

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Operating Systems
The OS acts as translator between user
applications and the hardware.

Kernel- portion of OS that interacts directly with

the computer hardware.

Shell – the portion that interfaces with the

applications and user.

Note: The user can interact with the shell using

either command line interface (CLI) or
graphical user interface (GUI).

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Purpose of Operating Systems
 Redirector – A special
piece of software that
allows to send and
receive from a
network, it may be
integral to the OS or
installed separately as
network client. When
installed, the OS
become a network
operating system
(NOS).

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Operating System Requirements
 Amount of RAM
 Hard Disk space
required
 Processor type and
speed
 Video Resolution

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Operating System Selection
1. The OS must fully
supports the
requirement of the end
user.
2. Does the OS support
the applications to be
run?
3. Is the security and
functionality sufficient
for the needs of the
end user?
4. Is there a sufficient
hardware resources to
support the OS?
5. Human resources.

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OS Installation Method
Four Basic Options:
1. Clean Install – usually done
in a new system or
reinstallation of the same
OS
2. Upgrade – replacement of
old OS files with new OS
files.
3. Multi-boot – installation of
more than one OS on a
computer.
4. Virtualization – is a
technique that is often
deployed on servers. It
enables multiple copies of
an OS to be run on a single
set of hardware, thus,
creating many virtual
machines.

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Configuring a computer for the
network
 In order for a computer to
participate in the network it
must have NIC installed.
 Each computer in the network
requires an internet protocol
(IP) address as well as other
information, to identify it.
 Three parts of IP
Configurations:
1. IP address – identifies the
computer on the network.
2. Subnet Mask – identifies the
network on which the
computer is connected.
3. Default Gateway – identifies
the device that the computer
uses to access the Internet
or another network.

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IP Addressing
1. Manual IP
Configuration – the
required values is
entered to the
computer using a
keyboard. It is
permanently assigned
to the computer.
2. Dynamic IP
Configuration – A
computer request an
address from the pool
of addresses assigned
by another device
within the network.

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Computer Naming
 A computer name
provides a user
friendly name,
making it easier for
users to connect
and shared
resources such as
folders, and printers.
 A computer name
must be logically
assigned by the
administrator.

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Network Name and Address
Planning
 A network must be
well planned,
logically organized,
and well
documented.
 A computer name
must be unique and
should have
consistent format
that convey
meaningful
information.

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Recitation
1. The architecture department wants to
install the latest AutoCad in their
laboratory room. Give two components
that the administrator should be first
considered?
2. Explain the differences between desktop
and workstation.
3. What is meant by convergence?
4. Define Internet.
5. Define Intranet.

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Based on the given scenario, identify which is the most
appropriate type of OS installation is applicable ; upgrade,
clean install, dual boot, virtualization.
1. Pedro has purchased a computer from a friend and wants to
make sure that all of the old files and applications program are
removed from the system.
2. Caroline has just purchased the newest version of the operating
system currently installed on her home computer.
3. Jude has decide that he would like to try the Linux operating
system. His computer currently has Windows XP installed.
4. Ingrid has older laptop that she currently runs Linux on. She
now would like to able to install Windows XP on the laptop but
still requires Linux to do her daily work.
5. John has just been hired by a company to do quality control work
on their database application. Both Windows and Linux
versions of the application are available and she must test out
both versions of the application at the same time. To accomplish
this John has purchased a high-end computer system.

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Recitation: Answer the questions listed below.
You may use the board for illustrations if needed.

1. How does convergence apply to the

communications industry?

2. What characteristics distinguish a personal

area network from other types of networks?

3. Briefly describe broadcast and point-to-point

computer networks.

4. When do we use the static IP addressing and

dynamic IP addressing?

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References
 CISCO 1 Manual
 http://wikipedia.org
 C. White, Fundamentals of Networking and Data
Communications, CENGAGE Learning International, 2011
 P.R. Payumo (2006), Philippine and International Radio
Laws and Regulations (13th and 14th Edition)
 W. Tomasi, Advanced Electronic Communications Systems 6th
Edition, Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd., 2004
 C. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks a
Business Approach, THOMSON Course Technology, 2002
 CISCO System Inc., Cisco Networking Academy Program:
Second-Year Companion Guide 2nd Edition, CISCO Press, USA,
2002
 Johnson, LAN Switching and Wireless CCNA Exploration Labs
and Study Guide, CISCO Press, USA, 2008
Thank you.

Let us pray the La Sallian prayer…

“ I will continue O my God to do

all my actions for the love of
You.”

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