Chapter 1 Network Communication and Mobile OS

A. 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True

B. 1. wired, wireless 2. Server 3. LAN
4. Mobile application development 5. Android
C. 1. LAN and MAN
When the computers are interconnected within a limited geographical area it
becomes a Local Area Network (LAN) whereas when the computers are
interconnected within the same city then it becomes a Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN).

2. Star topology and Bus topology

In Star topology, all the workstations are connected to a central connection point
called a hub. Any data that is sent to the other computer, first goes to the central hub
and from there it is redirected to the destination computer whereas Bus topology is
made up of a main single cable with the terminators at both ends. It is the shared
communication medium that makes the backbone of the system. Computers and the
other devices including the server are connected to this linear cable for
communication.

3. Desktop OS and Mobile OS

Desktop OS Mobile OS
Desktop OS supports multiple users sharing
a network.In mobile OS, multiple users cannot use a mobile phone as they are
compact computers with limited power, processing speed and memory.
Huge memory is available and OS can support complex applications. Limited
memory is available in mobile phones therefore OS should be less
complex to occupy less storage capacity.
Desktop OS can work on both CUI and GUI. Mobile phones are equipped with in-
built keyboard so a different Graphical User Interface (GUI) is required.
Example: Unix Example: Android OS

4. Android and iPhone OS

Android iPhone OS
It is one of the most popular operating systems designed by Android,
Incorporation. This is a mobile operating system designed by Apple Incorporation
mainly for iPhones, iPods and iPads. It is an open source and freely available
Linux based operating system mainly designed for smartphones and tablets with
touchscreens.
iOS is a closed source system owned by Apple and no other company or person can
use it or modify it, thus providing strong security features against data theft or
malwares.

5. Client/Server and Peer-to-peer Architecture

Client/Server Architecture Peer-to-peer Architecture
Client/Server architecture is defined as a specific type of a network which consists
of a single powerful computer acting as a server usually connected to multiple
computers called clients.
Peer-to-peer architecture is a type of network in which each workstation has
equivalent capabilities and responsibilities.
The workstations are connected to each other but do not have a server. Files can
be shared between workstations, and a printer connected to one workstation can be
accessed by other workstations as well.
It runs the risk of a system overload. It supports distributed processing, so the
increased load does not affect the system overall.
The centralised handling of data provides increased security. It does not support
centrally managed security, nor does it provide data backup.

D. 1. e 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. b

E. 1. A network consists of two or more computers linked together for sharing

resources such as printers and exchanging files, or allowing electronic
communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables,
telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

Advantages: Advantages of networking include centralised software management,

resource sharing, increased speed and security and cost efficiency.

Disadvantages: Some disadvantages of networking are given below.

a. As traffic increases on a network the performance degrades unless it is designed
properly.
b. It becomes difficult to manage when a large number of computers is connected to
a network.
c. In case the server is hacked or attacked by a virus, the security of data of all
connected computers is at risk.
2. The different components of a computer network are given below.
a. Server: A server is a computer that manages the network resources, software and
files. It is normally dedicated to an allocated task and it performs no other task.
b. Workstation: A workstation is a computer intended for individual use in a
networking environment. It is like a personal computer except that it is also
connected to other computers along with the main computer, that is, the server.
c. Network Interface Card: A network interface card (NIC) is a piece of hardware
placed inside the system unit. It is part of the motherboard. It is designed to allow
computers to communicate over a computer network. It provides physical access to
a networking medium.
d. Hub: A hub is a device that connects multiple devices and makes them work as a
single network segment. A hub has multiple ports. A specific cable connects the hub
to the NIC. The NIC transfers the data on a computer to a hub, which then transfers
it to the other connected computers.

e. Transmission channels: Each computer on a network is interconnected through

transmission channels. These channels can be wired or wireless. Data is exchanged
between two computers on a network using these channels.

3. The physical arrangement of cables, computers and other peripheral devices to

form a network is known as a topology. Different types of topologies used in
computer networks are discussed below.
a. Bus topology is made up of a main single cable with the terminators at both ends.
It is the shared communication medium that makes the backbone of the system.
b. Star topology is the most common topology used. Here all the workstations are
connected to a central connection point called a hub. Any data that is sent to the
other computer, first goes to the central hub and from there it is redirected to the
destination computer
c. In a ring topology, every workstation has exactly two neighbours for
communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction
either clockwise or anticlockwise.

4. To manage all the important features in phones, a special type of operating

system called mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is required. This operating
system is used in smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices.
Android by Google, iOS by Apple, Windows phone by Microsoft, BlackBerry by RIM
are some examples of mobile OS.

5. Reasons for developing a mobile app are given below.

a. A mobile phone is a compact machine with small battery size so the OS should be
designed in a simple way to work with limited power for a longer period of time.
b. Limited memory is available in mobile phones therefore OS should be less
complex to occupy less storage capacity.
c. Mobile phones are equipped with in-built keyboard so a different Graphical User
Interface (GUI) is required.

Chapter 12 World Wide Web

A. 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True

B. 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. d

C. 1. Web server is the host computer connected in a web that contains data in the form of a
web page. There are many web servers interconnected to form a vast Internet. Its main job
is to deliver web pages and its associated content to the client machine.

2. A web client can be a laptop or a personal computer at home or at the office.

3. A web hosting is a facility that allows individuals and organisations to make their own
websites. The website is then accessible to the whole world through the World Wide Web.
Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own or lease for use by their
clients.

4. Web browser is a software application in a laptop or a PC which is used to access

information on the web.

D. 1. World Wide Web is a global network/web of information where documents and other
resources are uniquely identified by a unique address called URL whereas W3C stands for
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) which is the main international standards organisation
for the World Wide Web.

2. Protocols are the set of rules which governs the functioning of Internet. Various protocols
on the web are discussed below.
a. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol): It is a set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic
images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.

b. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): It is a standard internet protocol used for exchanging
files between computers on the Internet. It is also commonly used for downloading
programs and other files to your computer from other servers.

c. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): It is used in sending and receiving emails. It also
lets the user save messages in a server mailbox, and downloads them periodically from
the server.

d. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): It is made up of two protocols,

that is, TCP and IP. It is the main protocol used in the Internet.

3. ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It is a company that offers its customer’s access
to the Internet. The ISP connects to its customers using a data transmission technology
appropriate for delivering data such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or dedicated
high-speed interconnects.

4. The web works in the following way to retrieve the information desired by the user.

a. Web pages are stored on the web servers which are interconnected around the globe.

b. Entering the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of the web page in the Address Bar of
the web browser on the PC will send a request from the client machine to the server
machine.
c. The server transmits the web page data to the computer and the web browser displays
it on the screen.

5. Some applications of WWW are Online trading (e-commerce), education sector,

entertainment, e-goverance, social networking, etc.