Text and Texture

The Textual Component of The Grammar

Group 3
1. Rizqi Budi Nurani
2. Shahnaz Shalwa Sahira
3. Firda Dwi Ayuningtyas
4. Shofi Nuranisa
5. Afifatul Fitriah
( 170210401093 )
( 170210401099 )
( 170210401102 )
( 170210401104 )
( 170210401106 )
 Text
• The word ‘text’ refers to any objects that is held together by patterns of equivalence
by cohesive devices, spoken or written, of whatever length, that construct an
understandable meaning.
• A text is a unit of language in use. It is not a lexico-grammatical unit like a clause or a
sentence, and it is not defined by size. A text does not just consist of sentences. The
meaning is realized by, or encoded in sentences.
• In literary theory, a text is any object that can be "read", whether this object is a
work of literature, or even a street sign. It is a coherent set of signs that transmits
some kind of informative message.
For example :
• A single word: “DANGER” on a warning sign.
• A stretch of language even though not a sentence: “NO
SMOKING” printed on a wall.
• A title of a book : “Basic English Grammar” in the cover of
the book.
 Texture
• Texture is the basis for unity and semantic interdependence
within text. A texture is what distinguish something that is not
a text.
• Texture is, therefore, created within text when the properties
of coherence and cohesion are present.
 Coherence and Cohesion

Contextual meaning, at the paragraph level is referred to as

“coherence” while the internal properties of meaning is
referred to as “cohesion”.
 Coherence

Coherence is when the theme or the main idea of the essay or

writing piece is understandable. Coherence in linguistics is what
makes a text meaningful.
E.g. There are different types of nouns in the English
language. There are proper nouns which are the names of
people or places, such as Tamara or North Korea. There are
abstract nouns which are used to describe things that aren’t
physical, such as emotions. There are collective nouns which
are used to describe groups of things, such as a flock of birds.

In this example, the main theme of the paragraph, types of

nouns, is understandable.
 Cohesion

Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text

or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning.
Cohesion is what makes each sentences in a text is connected to
each other. Cohesion also means the connection of ideas at the
sentence level. Cohesion can be clear without coherence.
E.g. Cara loves to cook dinner for her husband Carl.
The dinner that she likes cooking the most is lasagna.
Lasagna is a very popular dish in Italy. Italians are also known
for their heavy accents. Accents can tell you where in
the world people come from. There are over 7 billion people
on earth.

Even though there is no set topic/theme in the paragraph, the link

between each sentence is clear.
E. g. The hotel, which is one of the most well-known hotels in
this region, wanted to promote its image around the world by
hosting the latest international dancing competition.
Although the event was widely advertised, not many people
participated in the competition.
• Cohesion
I like cats. Cats alwasy makes me feel happy. I feel happy because cats
keep company. I don’t feel lonely when I’m with cats.
• Coherence
There are different types of cats in this world. There are Persian Cats
that has a thick fur. There are Sphynx Cats that has no fur at all. There are
also Bengal Cats that has black stripes on their fur.
• A Text with Cohesion and Coherence
My favourite type of cat is bengal cats. I like them because
they have a unique fur,which is black stripes on their fur.
They are also friendly and fun to play with. They always make
me feel happy. I feel happy because they keep me company.
I don’t feel lonely when I play around with them.