By:Hadiba Kanwal

Behaving in Accordance with norms

 Behaving in Accordance with norms
 Causes of conformity
 Socialization
 Insulation(Role conflict leads to deviance)
 Hierarchy of norms
 Social control
 Ideology
 Vested interest
Any failure to conform to the group norms.
 Society sets forth the goals and also
describe the means to achieve them. When a
person accept both goals and means that
generally means conformity
 Innovation
 Ritualism
 Retreatism
 Rebellion
 2. Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries. By
defining some individuals as deviant, people draw a boundary
between
right and wrong. For example, a college marks the line between
academic honesty and cheating by disciplining students who
cheat on exams.

 3. Responding to deviance brings people together. People

typically react to serious deviance with shared outrage. In doing
so, Durkheim explained, they reaffirm the moral ties that bind
them. For example, after the January 2011 shooting rampage in
Tucson,
Arizona, that killed six people and wounded nineteen more,
including Congressional Representative Gabrielle Giffords, people
across the United States were joined by a common desire to
control this type of apparently senseless violence.
 4. Deviance encourages social change. Deviant
people push a society’s moral boundaries, suggesting
alternatives to the status quo and encouraging
change.

 Today’s deviance, declared Durkheim, can become

tomorrow’s morality (1964b:71, orig. 1895). For
example, rock-and-roll, condemned as immoral in
the 1950s, became a multibillion-dollar industry just
a few years later (see the Thinking About Diversity
box on page 68). In recent years, hip-hop music has
followed the same path toward respectability.
 Durkheim’s Basic Insight In his pioneering study of
deviance, Emile Durkheim made the surprising claim
that there is nothing abnormal about deviance. In
fact, it rerforms four essential functions:

1. Deviance affirms cultural values and norms. As

moral creatures, people must prefer some attitudes
and behaviors to others.
But any definition of virtue rests on an opposing
idea of vice:
There can be no good without evil and no justice
without crime.
Deviance is needed to define and support morality.
 Faulty Socialization

 Weak sanctions

 Poor enforcement

 Ease of rationalization (ego defense)

 Unjust and Corrupt Enforcement

 Ambivalence of agents of social control

(unconscious deviance tendencies)
 Subculture support of Deviance (groups have
different ideas of permissible behavior)

 Sentiments of Loyalty to Deviant group

 Indefinite range of Norms

 Secrecy of Violence
 Social Control are attempts by society to
regulate people’s thoughts and behavior.

 Mores and folkways are the basic rules of

everyday life. Although we sometimes resist
pressure to conform, we can see that norms
make our dealings with others more orderly and
predictable.

 Sanction: Observing or breaking the rules of

social life prompts a response from others in the
form of either reward or punishment. Sanctions—
whether an approving smile or a raised eyebrow
 Aswe learn cultural norms, we gain the
capacity to evaluate our own behavior. Doing
wrong can cause both shame (the painful
sense that others disapprove of our actions)
and guilt (a negative judgment we make of
ourselves).

 Ofall living things, only cultural creatures

can experience shame and guilt.
 All of us are subject to social control, attempts by
society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior.
This process is often of two types:
 Formal
 Informal (through friends and family)

 Informal: When parents praise or scold their children

or when friends make fun of our choice of music or
style of dress.

 Formal: Cases of serious deviance, however, may

involve the criminal justice system, the
organizations—police, courts, and prison officials—
that respond to alleged violations of the law.