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Internal
Forced
Convection
BSABE 2B

Presented by GROUP 2
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PRESENTATION
• MEAN VELOCITY AND MEAN
OVERVIEW TEMPERATURE
• LAMINAR AND TURBULENT
FLOW IN TUBES:
• CONSTANT SURFACE HEAT
FLUX

KEY TOPI C S BSABE 2B 2019-2020

 INTERNAL FORCED
CONVECTION 03

Liquid or gas flow through pipes or ducts is

commonly used in
heating and cooling applications. The fluid
in such applications is
forced to flow by a fan or pump through a
tube that is sufficiently
long to accomplish then desired heat
transfer.

BSABE 2B 2019-2020
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MEAN VELOCITY AND MEAN

TEMPERATURE

BSABE 2B 2019-2020
The fluid velocity in a tube changes 05

from zero at the

surface because of the no-slip
condition, to a maximum at the tube
center.
Therefore, it is convenient to work
with an average or mean velocity
Ѵm,
which remains constant for
incompressible flow when the cross
sectional
area of the tube is constant.
BSABE 2B 2019-2020
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CLEAN LINES
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Laminar and Turbulent Flow In Tubes:

Flow in a tube can be laminar or turbulent, depending
on the flow conditions. Fluid flow is streamlined
and thus laminar at low velocities, but turns turbulent
as the velocity is increased beyond a critical value.
Transition from laminar to turbulent flow does not
occur suddenly; rather, it occurs over some range of
velocity where the flow fluctuates between laminar and
turbulent flows before it becomes fully turbulent.
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 THE ENTRANCE REGION
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The region from the

tube inlet to the point at which the boundary layer merges at the
centerline is called the hydrodynamic
entrance region, and the length of this region is called the
hydrodynamic entry length Lh. Flow in the
entrance region is called hydro dynamically developing flow since this
is the region where the velocity
profile develops. The region beyond the entrance region in which the
velocity profile is fully developed and
remains unchanged is called the hydro dynamically fully developed
region.
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 Constant Surface Heat Flux (qs = constant) 16

In the case of q·
s = constant, the rate of heat transfer can also be
expressed as
Q ·= q·s As =m· Cp(Te - Ti) ,
Then the mean fluid temperature at the tube exit
becomes
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Heating of Water in a Tube by Steam
Water enters a 2.5-cm-internal-diameter thin copper tube of a heat exchanger
at 15degC at a rate of 0.3 kg/s, and is heated by steam condensing outside at
120degC. If the average heat transfer coefficient is 800 W/m2 deg C, determine the
length of the tube required in order to heat the water to 115degC (Fig. 19–29).
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