The Biology Investigated

Project Work
Session – 2019-20

Topic – DNA FINGERPRINTING

Guided by
Ashok Choudhary Sir

Submitted by
Jay Banik
Class-12th ‘SCIENCE’
Roll No. - ……………..
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ma. Jay Banik, a
student of class 12th has satisfactorily
completed the project in biology for the
AISSCE as prescribed by the CBSE in the
year 2019-20.

SIGNATURE OF SIGNATURE OF
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DATE-
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It gives me great pleasure to express to my

gratitude towards our Biology teacher.
Mr. ASHOK CHOUDHARY for his guidance,
support and encouragement throughout the
duration of the project. Without his motivation
and help the successful completion of this
project would not have been possible
DNA FINGERPRINTING
DNA- THE MOLECLUE
 THREE BILLIONS BASES
IN HUMAN DNA
 99% OF DNA IS
IDENTICAL AMONG
INDIVIDUALS
 1% CONTAINS
SIGNIFICANT
VARIATION
 EACH PERSON’S DNA
PROFILE IS UNIQUE.
 EXCEPT IDENTICAL
TWINS
 DNA FINGERPRINTING
DNA FINGREPRINTING CAN BE USED TO:
1. TRACE THE INHERITANCE OF GENETIC
DISORDERS
2. IDENTIFY THE ORIGIN OF A BLOOD,
SEMEN, OR SALIVA SAMPLE IN A
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
3. ESTABLISH PATERNITY OR MATERNITY
FIRST DNA FINGERPRINT PREFORMED IN
1987 IN ENGLAND WAS USED IN A CASE IN
US IN 1988 AND WAS 99.99%
ACCURATE
 POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

AMPLIFY THE AMOUNT OF DNA BY PCR:

1. SEPARATE STRANDS OF DNA- HEAT
2. ADD PRIMERS TO THE SINGLE STRANDS
3. ADD POLYMERASE AND FREE
NUCLEOTIDES
4. TWO NEW DNA MOLECULE FORMED
 RFLP
STEPS OF MAKING AN RFLP:
1. ADD A RESTRICTION ENZYME TO CUT
THE DNA INTO FRAGMENTS – EXACT
NUMBER AND SIZE OF FRAGMENTS
PRODUCED VARIES FROM PERSON TO
PERSON
2. FRAGMENTS ARE SEPARATED BY
ELECTROPHORESIS
3. THE SMALLER FRAGMENTS TRAVEL
FURTHER THAN THE LARGE FRAGMENTS
4. THIS CREATES A DNA FINGERPRINTING
 POLYMORPHISMS

 A POLYMORPHIISM IS A VARIATION
 EVERY 1,000 BASES INHERITED THERE IS
ONE VARIATION
 VARIATIONS ALLOW THE DNA TO BE CUT
INTO DIFFERENT SIZED FRAGMENTS
 RFLP – RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH
POLYMORPHISM’S
 VARIABLE NUMBER OF TANDEM
REPEATS (VNTR)
 MOST OF THE DNA IN A CHROMOSOME
DOES NOT CODE FOR A GENE
 THESE REGIONS CONTAIN SEQUENCES
THAT REPEAT FROM 20-100 TIMES
EX – GTCAGTCAGTCAGTCA
 THERE ARE SEVERAL KNOWN
VARIATIONS OF THE SHORT TANDEM
REAPEATS (STR) IN HUMANS
 EX.- HUMTHO 1 (REAPEATING AATG) HAS
SEVEN DIFFERENT VARIATIONS
 ADVANTAGES OF VNTR
1. LESS COMPLEX PATTERNS IN GEL
2. STR’S ARE LESS LIKELY TO DEGRADE
 LESS THAN 400 BASE PAIRS
 IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CHROMOSOME
3. CAN BE USED ON STAINS THAT OLD OR
HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO DECOMPOSITION
DNA FINGERPRINTING REAL WORLD
APPLICATIONS

 CRIME SCENE
 HUMAN RELATEDNESS
 PATERNITY
 ANIMAL RELATEDNESS
 ANTHROPOLOGY STUDIES
 DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISMS
 FOOD IDENTIFICATION
 HUMAN REMAINS
 MONITORING TRANSPLATS
 BIBLOGRAPHY

• NCERT TEXTBOOK
(CLASS 12 )
TH

• S CHANDS’S BIOLOGY
• WWW.GOOGLE.CO.IN
• WIKIPEDIA