COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Communication has been defined as a process.

The term process refers to identifiable flow of information through
interrelated stages of analysis directed towards the achievement
of an objective. In the case of social actions, the concept of
process is dynamic rather than static.
The communication being a social process is a dynamic,
continuous & flexible and thus can not be studied in sort of stop
action.
Communication involved the five basic question.
1. Who ?
2. Says what ?
3.On which channel ?
4. To whom ?
5. With what effect ?
 SENDER RECEIVER
CHANNEL

MESSAGE ENCODING MESSAGE DECODING

NOISE

FEEDBACK
The communication process begins with the information
sources. The sender has some raw information his
intention changes that information into a message to be
communicated.
Having thought over the message the sender puts it into
words (verbal symbols or any other symbolic form of
expression.
An appropriate medium – oral, written, electronic, in
code or a signaling system – chosen to send the
message .
The receiver gets the message through decoding (by
receiving , understanding & interpreting the message).
The communication process ends with the receiver
putting the interpreted message into action , as intended
Communication , being a process must have some
elements to complete the process. These are sender,
message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, noise
& feedback.
Sender : A person who conceives & initiates the
message, transmits or communicates the message with
the purpose of informing /persuading/ influencing
/changing the attitude /opinion or behavior of the
receiver.
Message : Subject matter of communication which is
intended to be passed to the receiver from the sender. It
may be in form of ideas, opinions, feelings, suggestions,
orders etc .
Encoding: Since the subject matter of the
communication is abstract & intangible ,its transmission
requires the use of certain symbols such as words ,
gestures etc.
Channel : Message encoded into symbols is
transmitted by the sender through a channel like written
form, personal contact, phone calls etc. depending upon
the situation of sender & receiver. The channel may be
formal or informal .
Formal channel : Communication channel established by
the organization to transmitted messages that are
related to the professional activities of members.
Informal channel : Communication channels that are
spontaneous and emerge as a response to individual
choices.
Receiver : Receiver is the person to whom the
symbols are transmitted .
Decoding : Decoding is the reverse of encoding. The
receiver receives the subject matter of communication in
the form of communication symbols in which the sender
has encoded his message. The receiver decodes these
symbols into message.
Noise : Noise represents communication barriers that
distort the clarity of message. Ex. Perceptual problems ,

Information overload & culture difference.

Feedback : The final link in the communication
process is feedback loop. Feedback is necessary to
ensure that the receiver has received the message &
understood it in the same sense as the sender intended.