Where do PHYSIOLOGY play its role?

Medical
Normal phenomenon Pathologic

I-nfection
Studies Macro Micro
Co-ngenital
Structure Anatomy Histology
S Ne-oplasm
Function PHYSIOLOGY Biochemistry t
Her-editary
u
d Immu-ne (autoimmune)
Clinical Medicine i Met-abolic
e
Tra-uma
s
Diagnosis Therapy D-egenerative
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 QUSHAY UMAR MALINTA

qushay20019@gmail.com

BIOELECTRICITY
What is
electricity?
 How does electricity work?
• How does it work in the daily life?

Movement of electrons via

conductors

• How does it work in human body?

Movement of ions through cell membrane

What are excitable cells?
Muscle cells Nerve cells
What is membrane potential?
What are the 2 factors that affect
membrane potential?

Opening of ion channels Presence of potential gradient

 “A boat of
banana…”
• Cell = boat

▫ Inside: more
banana, more K+

WHILE

▫ Outside: more
seawater, more Na+
Electricity in cells results from
changes of membrane potential
 Examples of gated ion channels

The key to open this gate: The key to open this gate:
binding of CHEMICAL VOLTAGE OR POT. CHANGE
 Two types of electrical signals in cells
Graded potential: Action potential (AP):
spread both ways propagate one way only
 diminished as it goes maintained along the way
ACTION POTENTIAL (AP)
 All-or-none law
 more stimuli = more
rapid AP frequency
Refractory period
to ensure forward AP conduction (no backflow of AP)
• Two types of refractory period:
▫ Absolute
▫ Relative
ACTION POTENTIAL
Two factors affecting conduction speed:
myelin & diameter
 SYNAPS & NEUROTRANSMITTER
• Synapse: intercellular
connection
▫ Direct contact =
electrical synapse= gap
junction
▫ No direct contact =
chemical synapse 
cleft

• Neurotransmitter: the
chemical in the cleft
▫ Excitatory:
to excite the target cell

▫ Inhibitory:
to inhibit the target cell
What medical equipments that use
principles of bioelectricity
• What are the diagnostic • What are the therapeutic
equipments? equipments?
Animal that uses electricity as
defense mechanism

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/14/550935136/its-like-an-electric-fence-sensation-says-scientist-who-let-an-eel-shock-his-arm
Thank you

THE END