NEEDS ANALYSIS IN SD&MD

Instructor: Dr. Nguyen Dang Nguyen

Presented by group 1:
1. Pham Dinh Sang
2. Mai Tan Phat
3. Nguyen Thi Huong Lan (1995)
4. Le Hoang Kha
5. Le Thi Thuy Dung
 OVERVIEW
1 • What are needs & needs analysis?

2 • Purposes

3 • Target population & Users

4 • Administering

5 • Procedures

6 • Designing

7 • Making use of the collected information

WHAT ARE NEEDS AND NEEDS
ANALYSIS?

Presenter: Pham Dinh Sang-

186014011130
 Needs
• Porcher (1977,in Brindley 1984, p.29) offers a
perspective: "Need is not a thing that exists and
might be encountered ready-made on the street.
It is a thing that is constructed, the center of
conceptual networks and the product of a number
of epistemological choices (which are not innocent
themselves, of course)."

• Needs refer to wants, desires, demands,

expectations, motivations, lacks, constraints, and
requirements
 Personal needs

Learners’ needs Learning needs

Future
professional needs
Needs

Teachers’ needs Personal needs

Professional needs

Administrators’
Institutional needs
needs
 Needs analysis
• Procedures used to collect information about
learners’ needs are known as needs analysis.
(Richards, 2001)
• In education and management theory, it is the
systematic analysis of particular needs of
individual or institution.
• focuses on examining the learners’ proficiency
and their aims.
• makes sure the course will provide relevant
and useful knowledge for learners.
 Example:
• Example: Needs analysis of non-English-
background students and their English language
needs at the University of Auckland.

This is an example of needs analysis conducted in

order to evaluate whether currently available
language courses meet the needs of non-English-
background learners at the university.
(Richards, 2001)
 Tran, T. T. T. (2010). Target needs analysis to improve the tour guide syllabus at Nha
Trang college of culture, arts and tourism. (Unpublished masters’ thesis). VNU-HCMC-
USSH, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam.
PURPOSES OF NEEDS ANALYSIS

Presenter:Nguyen Thi Huong Lan-

186014011117
 Purposes of needs analysis
Feedback and Evaluation
Process of designing syllabus

Monitoring

Implementation of programme in schools

Teacher preparation

Language programme design

Materials design

Syllabus design

Goal setting

Needs analysis

(Richard, 2001; Tomlinson, 2011)

 Purposes of Needs Analysis
• To find out learners’ professional needs
• To determine the adequacy of an existing
course
• To determine learners’ learning needs
• To identify the change of direction
• To identify the gap between reality and
expectation
• To collect information of a necessity, etc
(Richards, 2001)
 Example
Tran, T. T. T. (2010). Target needs analysis to
improve the tour guide syllabus at Nha Trang
college of culture, arts and tourism.
(Unpublished masters’ thesis). VNU-HCMC-USSH
 This study aims to investigate the needs of 3
groups of people (e.g. under-graduates,
graduates and the recruiters) in order to improve
the tour guide syllabus at Nha Trang College to
meet their requirements.
TARGET POPULATION & USERS
OF NEEDS ANALYSIS

Presenter: Mai Tan Phat

-186014011128
 Target Population
• “The target population in a needs analysis
refers to the people about whom information
will be collected.”(Richards,2001,p. 57).

• Depends on whether useful information can

be collected to meet the aims of the analysis.

• Sampling: an important issue

 Target Population
For example, in conducting a needs analysis to
determine the focus of an English program in
public secondary schools, the target population
might include:
• policy makers and ministry of education
officials
• teachers
• students
• parents
• academics, etc.
 Users of Needs Analysis
• The people who use the collected information and findings
from the needs analysis
• For example, in conducting a needs analysis to help revise a
secondary school English curriculum, the users include:
 Curriculum officers in MoE, who may wish to evaluate
the existing syllabus and curriculum
 The teachers who will teach the new curriculum
The students who will be taught
Writers who are preparing new textbooks
Trinh, T. T. V. (2013). Learner’s needs and the use of textbook at
Lam Dong college of technology and economics. (Unpublished
masters’ thesis). VNU-HCMC-USSH, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam.
 ADMINISTERING &
PROCEDURES OF NEEDS ANALYSIS

• Presenter: Le Hoang Kha-

186014011114
Who administers the needs analysis?
Those who want to find out what students needs – a team of
personnel or teachers

Example: needs analysis of language needs of non-English-

background students at a New Zealand university – those
involved:
• Research team (2 academics & a research assistant)
• Colleagues who discussed the project & reviewed sample
questionnaires
• Students piloting the questionnaire
• Academic staff administering some of the questionnaires
• Secretarial support preparing questionnaires & tabulating
data
Procedures for conducting needs analysis
Triangular approach
Collecting information from two or more sources
Example: needs analysis of writing problems foreign
students in American universities encounter – sources:
• Student writing samples
• Test data on student performance
• Reports on typical problems students face
• Experts’ opinions
• Information from students via interviews and
questionnaires
• Survey or related literature
• Examples of writing programs from other institutions
• Examples of writing assignments given to students
Tools for collecting information
• Questionnaires
• Self-ratings
• Interviews
• Meetings
• Observation
• Collecting learner language samples
• Task analysis
• Case studies
• Analysis of available information
Trinh, T. T. V. (2013). Learner’s needs and the use of textbook at
Lam Dong college of technology and economics. (Unpublished
masters’ thesis). VNU-HCMC-USSH, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam.
DESIGNING NEEDS ANALYSIS &
MAKING USE OF INFORMATION
OBTAINED

• Presenter: Le Thi Thuy Dung-

186014011103
 Designing the needs analysis
Collecting

Decisions made Organizing

Reporting on practical
procedures

Analyzing

 Collecting different kinds of information is needed

 To ensure information which will be used is collected.
 Needs analysis procedures in smaller-scale: a
teacher or group of teachers assess the needs of
new groups of students in a language program

– Initial questionnaire
– Follow-up individual and group interviews
– Meetings with students
– Meetings with other teachers
– Ongoing classroom observation
– Tests
 Making use of information obtained

Stufflebeam et al. (1985, p.111)

“The primary goal of analysis is to bring meaning to
the obtained information and to do so in the context
of some philosophy, relevant perspectives, and value
positions that may be in conflict.”
 Making use of information obtained
Information can be used in different ways:
• The evaluation of an existing program or a component
of a program.
• Planning goals and objectives for a future program
• Developing tests and other assessment procedures.
• The selection of appropriate teaching methods in a
program.
• Developing a syllabus and teaching materials for a
course
• Information as part of a course or program report to
an external body or organization.
 Example
Tran, T. T. T. (2010). Target needs analysis to
improve the tour guide syllabus at Nha Trang
college of culture, arts and tourism.
(Unpublished masters’ thesis). VNU-HCMC-USSH

 The information obtained in this study is used

to evaluate the tour guide syllabus and make
recommendations to improve the syllabus.
 REFERENCES
Porcher, L. (1977). Une notion ambigue: les “besoins langagiers”. Les cahiers du CRELEF3.
Richards, J. C. (2001). Curriculum development in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Stufflebeam, D., McCormick, C., Brinkerhoff, R., Nelson, C. (1985). Conducting educational needs
assessment.
Tomlinson, B. (2011). Materials development in language teaching (2nd ed.) Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Tran, T. T. T. (2010). Target needs analysis to improve the tour guide syllabus at Nha Trang college
of culture, arts and tourism. (Unpublished masters’ thesis). VNU-HCMC-USSH, Ho Chi Minh, Viet
Nam.
Trinh, T. T. V. (2013). Learner’s needs and the use of textbook at Lam Dong college of technology
and economics. (Unpublished masters’ thesis). VNU-HCMC-USSH, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam.