INTRODUCTION

 Color recipe prediction is a practical application

of soft computing.
 Color recipe prediction introduces “Neuro-fuzzy
methodology” and “Computational intelligence”
 It combines 3 principles of soft computing
components:
(i) Fuzzy systems
(ii) Neural networks
(iii) Genetic algorithms
 i/p & o/p relation in color recipe
prediction
16 inputs
10 outputs

Target color
White
Black
Color Green 1
recipe Red 1
prediction Green 2
system Violet
Red 2
Yellow 1
Yellow 2
Blue

Surface spectral reflectance

Main concerns in color recipe prediction
 It is difficult to predict precise colorant
concentrations{ we need to specify levels such as
0.01%}.
 It is necessary to specify use of limited number of
colorants and we need to avoid the use of
complementary colorants.
 The magnitude of mean-squared error of colorant
vectors may not correspond exactly to that of color
differences.
 It is important to consider human visual sensitivity to
color difference, which may be costly.
 Some different combinations of colorant may have the
same perceptual attributes of color as seen by humans.
Canfis modeling

 CANFIS basically stands for “ CoActive

Neuro-fuzzy Inference Systems “.

 In this section we show how neuro fuzzy

models can be generalized for application
to color recipe prediction.
Understanding basic terms

 MF’s : Membership Functions

 Hue : A perceptual attribute of color
which is linguistic variable
 W : Firing strength
{eg : for firing strength of yellow
color we write W(y)}
 CANFIS Architectures
 Understanding with an example :
YELLOW RULE :
if the target color is “yellow”, then use yellow rule, C(y).
YELLOW RULE 1 :
if the target color is “greenish yellow” then use a
“greenish yellow” rule, C(gy).
YELLOW RULE 2 :
if the target color is “ very yellow” then use a “very
yellow” rule, C(vy).
YELLOW RULE 3 :
if the target color is “reddish yellow” then use a
“reddish yellow” rule, C(ry).
Canfis with five color rules for color
recipe prediction