C.

Statistical Inference
• The process of drawing conclusions
about population parameters based on
the sample taken from the population
• The sample is the data collected from
the population
The population is all the apples in the
orchard
A sample is 100 apples we picked from
the orchard.
The population is all
the voices of the
Philippines.
A sample is 1000
people who are ask
in an online survey.
Estimation
It represents the ways or process of learning and
determining the population parameter based on the
model fitted to the data.
Point Estimation
A single value that estimates the parameter, point
estimates are single values calculated from the
sample.
Hypothesis Test
Tests for th specific value of the parameter.
Asks the question, could the difference we
observed in our study be due to chance?
 A simple random sample (SRS) is taken from the
population of interest.
 In order to estimate the population parameter, a statistic is
calculated from the sample.
 We learn about the Distribution of statistic in repeatedly
sampling (theoritically). We know that this is sampling
distributions.
 Using THIS sampling distribution we can make inferences
about our population parameter based upon our sample
statistics.
Categories:

1. Descriptive
When we are just describing and exploring the observed sample
data.
Includes:
Graphs, charts and tables, and the calculation of various
descriptive measures such as averages, measures of variations and
percentiles.
2. Inferential
Consist of methods for drawing and measuring the reliabiliy of the
conclusion about population based on information obtained from the
sample of the population.
Includes:
Point estimation, interval estimation and hypothesis testing
 Using sampling
distribution we can make
inferences about our
population parameter
based upon our sample
statistics
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