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Session 12-13
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Acknowledgement
Chapter 5
Learning Objectives
Solution
The characteristic polynomial of A is
Solution
From previous example we have found that the eigenvalues of A are
λ = 3 and λ = -1. Thus, there are two eigenspaces of A, one
corresponding to each of these eigenvalues.
By definition,
or in matrix form
Using similar way, we can also show that is a basis for the
eigenspace corresponding to λ = -1.
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More Example
Definition
A square matrix A is said to be diagonalizable if there exists an
invertible matrix P such that P-1AP is diagonal. In this case the matrix
P is said to diagonalize A.
Theorem
If A is an n x n matrix, the following statements are equivalent.
(a) A is diagonalizable.
(b) A has n linearly independent eigenvectors.
where D is the diagonal matrix that has λ1, λ2, ..., λn as its
successive diagonal entries.
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Example
Find a matrix P that diagonalizes
and that