SOUND WAVE

Longitudinal Wave
wave particles vibrate back
and forth along the path that
the wave travels.
Compressional Wave
•Compressions
The close together part of the
wave
•Rarefactions
The spread-out parts of a
wave
Transverse waves
wave particles vibrate
in an up-and-down motion. (Perpendicular)
PROPERTIES OF WAVE
TRANSVERSE WAVES
• Crests - Highest part of a wave
• Troughs - The low points of the wave
• Wavelength – The distance between two
successive identical part of wave.
 Amplitude-
is the maximum distance
the particles in a wave
vibrate from their rest positions.

Frequency
- the number of waves

produced in a given time

WAVES TRANSFER ENERGY
WITHOUT TRANSFERRING
MATTER.
Properties of Sound
Wave Velocity - is the speed with which a
wave crest passes by a particular point in
space
It is measured in meters/second.

Wave Velocity = Frequency  Wavelength

SPEED OF SOUND
• Medium velocity m/sec
air (20 C) 343
air (0 C) 331
water (25 C) 1493
sea water 1533
diamond 12000
iron 5130
copper 3560
glass 5640
Pitch
- description of how high or low
the sound seems to a person

Loudness
- how loud or soft a sound is
perceived to be.
LOUDNESS OF SOUND IN DECIBELS
Sound Loudness (dbs) Hearing
Damage
Average Home 40-50

Loud Music 90-100 After long

exposure

Rock Concert 115-120 Progressive

Jet Engine 120-170 Pain

Ultrasound
-sound waves with frequencies above the
normal human range of hearing.
Sounds in the range from 20-100kHz

Infrasound
- sounds with frequencies below the
normal human range of hearing.
Sounds in the 20-200 Hz range
INTERFERENCE
• the result of two
or more sound
waves overlapping
Different sounds that you hear include
(A) noise, (B) pure tones, and (C) musical
notes.
STANDING WAVES IN THESE OPEN TUBES
HAVE AN ANTINODE AT THE OPEN END,
WHERE AIR IS FREE TO VIBRATE.
Doppler Effect
-is the apparent change in the
frequency of a sound caused
by the motion of either the
listener or the source of the
sound.
• Sounds from Moving Sources.
• A moving source of sound or a moving
observer experiences an apparent shift of
frequency called the Doppler Effect.
• If the source is moving as fast or faster than
the speed of sound, the sound waves pile up
into a shock wave called a sonic boom.
• A sonic boom sounds very much like the
pressure wave from an explosion
Supersonic Flight
Resonance
-the frequency of sound waves
exactly matches the natural frequency
of an object.
 REFLECTION OF SOUND
•Reflection -is described as the turning
back of a wave as it hits a barrier.
•Echo -is an example of a reflected
sound.
•Reverberation -refers to the multiple
reflections or echoes in a certain place.
•A reverberation often occurs in a
small room with height, width, and
length dimensions of approximately
17 meters or less. This best fits the
bathroom which enhances the voice.
REFRACTION OF SOUND

• Have you ever wondered why open field concerts

are usually held during night time?
• Sound is heard better in far areas during night time than
during daytime.
• Refraction -is described as the change in speed of
sound when it encounters a medium of different
density.
THE BENDING OF SOUND WAVES
 LET’S TRY THIS. AGREE OR DISAGREE?
• 1. A pulse of compressed air that is part of a sound wave is
called refraction.
• 2. When an object is forced to vibrate at its natural
frequency, resonance occurs.
• 3. Beats occur when two tuning forks at slightly different
frequencies are sounded together.
• 4. Sound can travel through solids, liquids, and gases and
even in a vacuum.
• 5. In order for sound from a speaker to reach a listener, air
near the speaker must move to the listener.
 LET’S TRY THIS. AGREE OR DISAGREE?
• 6. Almost everything that exists has a natural
frequency.
• 7. Even steel bridge can collapse because of resonance.
• 8. The word “pitch” refers to the period of a sound
wave.
• 9. If you strike a tuning fork and hold it on a table, the
sound becomes relatively loud.
• 10. When an object is disturbed slightly and then left
alone, it vibrates at its natural frequency.