SEMINAR 1

Gas Turbine Blade

Cooling

PRESENTED BY :- HIMANSHU DAHIRE

ROLL NO. :- 19TS06014
GUIDED BY :- DR. ANIRBAN BHATTACHARYA

THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESHWAR 1
 Why Turbine Blade Cooling ?
• Thermal Efficiency and power output of the gas turbine
depends on the Rotor Inlet Temperature (RIT).

FIGURE – 1 : Increased turbine inlet temperature dramatically improves cycle power

output.
(Courtesy of Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT; Sautner, M. et al., Determination of surface heat transfer and film cooling effectiveness in unsteady wake flow conditions, AGARD 2
Conference Proceedings, Vol. 527, pp. 6-1–6-12, 1992. With permission.)
• To double the engine power output, RIT need to be increased
from 2500˚F to 3500˚F and simultaneously pressure ratio
need to be increased from 20 to 40.

FIGURE – 2 : Progress in compressor pressure FIGURE – 3 : Variation of turbine entry

ratio. temperature over recent years.

(From Rohlik, H.E., Current and future technology trends in radial and axial gas turbines, NASA TM 83414, 1983; collected in Lakshminarayana, B.: Fluid Dynamics and Heat 3
Transfer of Turbomachinery. Chapter 7, pp. 597–721. 1996. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. With permission.)
Types of Turbine Blade Cooling
Internal Cooling External Cooling
• Cold air from compressor is • Cooling is allowed to flow
passed through hollow over the blades directly
passages. through pores
• Types of internal cooling • Types of internal cooling
are: are:
a) Impingement a) Film Cooling
cooling
b) Transpiration
b) Pin fin cooling Cooling
c) Dimple cooling
d) Rib turbulated
cooling

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 FIGURE – 4 : Typical cooling for a turbine blade

(From Han, J.C. et al., Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Blade Cooling Channels with Turbulence Promoters, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (prepared for NASA CR-3837), 1984.
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 a) Impingement cooling
Turbine Blade Internal Cooling

• It is most suitable for

the leading edge of a
rotor airfoil.
Long Shots
Surface

Inner shell
narrow shots Holes

FIGURE – 5 : Jet Impingement Cooling

FIGURE – 6 : flow regions in an impinging jet

5:Gas Turbine by V. Ganesan pg.515

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6: (From Viskanta, R., Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 6, 111, 1993.)
 b) Pin fin cooling
Turbine Blade Internal Cooling

• It is used for enhancing heat transfer from the

trailing edge of a rotor airfoil.

FIGURE – 7 : Test Model for Pin-Fin Cooling Studies

Thermal Analysis of Wedge Duct with in-Line Pin-Fin Configuration ; ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 7 Issue 04, April-2018 7
 c) Dimple cooling
Turbine Blade Internal Cooling

• Alternative to pin-fin cooling

• Moderate heat transfer enhancement

FIGURE – 7 : Test Model for Dimple Cooling Studies

8
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Rhomboid-Concave-and-Convex-Dimples-Applied-for-in-Ilieva/6d37d134950dff8c6af0bc8ef7e2638cfb181b5a
 d) Rib turbulated cooling
Turbine Blade Internal Cooling

• Frequently used to enhance the heat transfer in

internal cooling passages
• Rib turbulator break the boundary layer

FIGURE – 8 : Test Model for Rib turbulated cooling

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https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e131/6a0b6ad1e3c65067bceb9237e8f32a51a422.pdf
 a) Film cooling
Turbine Blade External Cooling

• Introduction of secondary fluid at one or more

discreet location
• Electric discharge machining is used to drill holes

FIGURE – 9 : Film cooling arrangement and concept for a turbine

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From Han, J.C. and Ekkad, S.V. Recent development in Turbine blade film cooling. Invited paper for ISTP-II, Hsinchu, Taiwan, November, 1998
 b) Transpiration cooling
Turbine Blade External Cooling

• Air is allowed to effuse or

sweat through pores
• Sintered wire composites
are commonly used
transpiring material
• Disadvantage
i. Low strength at high
temperature FIGURE – 10 : Transpiration cooling
arrangement
ii. Very small pore size
iii. Poor oxidation
resistance

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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cooling_by_effusion.jpg
 3. Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC)
• Turbine blades in current
engines use nickel-based
superalloys at metal
temperatures well below
2000°F for safe operations
• TBC allows 200°F - 300°F
higher RIT
• It also protects blade from
wear and corrosion

FIGURE – 11 : Electron micrograph of electron

beam physical-vapor deposited TBC

https://mse.engr.uconn.edu/thermal-barrier-coatings-for-gas-turbine-engine-applications-the-most-frequently-cited-paper-on-thermal-barrier-coatings-of-all-time.php
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Disadvantages

• Efficiency is reduced as work is done to compress

extracted fluids
• Addition of the cooler coolant back into the hot
mainstream imposes further thermodynamic penalties

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References
(All data and pictures form the book ‘Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology Second
Edition By JeChin Han Sandip Dutta and Srinath Ekkad’)

• (Courtesy of Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT; Sautner, M. et al., Determination of surface heat transfer and film
cooling effectiveness in unsteady wake flow conditions, AGARD Conference Proceedings, Vol. 527, pp. 6-1–6-12, 1992.
With permission.)
• (From Rohlik, H.E., Current and future technology trends in radial and axial gas turbines, NASA TM 83414, 1983;
collected in Lakshminarayana, B.: Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery. Chapter 7, pp. 597–721. 1996.
Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. With permission.)
• (From Clifford, R.J., Rotating heat transfer investigations on a multipass cooling geometry, AGARD CP 390, 1985;
collected in Lakshminarayana, B.: Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery. Chapter 7, pp. 597–721. 1996.
Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. With permission.)
• https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiXsMv_65DlAhXVe30KHWNGA
6YQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=%2Furl%3Fsa%3Di%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi01Y-
W5JDlAhXVIbcAHYgpBTMQjRx6BAgBEAQ%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.researchgate.net%252Ffigure%252F
Typical-internal-cooling-arrangement-for-a-multipass-turbine-blade-from-Han-et-al-2-
3_fig2_258391282%26psig%3DAOvVaw35qxs72Wh-
Xr2lx2coOAQi%26ust%3D1570765546351583&psig=AOvVaw35qxs72Wh-Xr2lx2coOAQi&ust=1570765546351583
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjBjLW-
65DlAhXu7XMBHc7DC20QjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=%2Furl%3Fsa%3Di%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3
Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.qats.com%252Fcms%252F2010%252F09%252F13%252Fwhat-is-jet-impingement-
cooling-and-how-is-it-applied-for-thermal-management-of-electronics-part-1-of-
2%252F%26psig%3DAOvVaw3jJ9jga7bmIbQBDdgub3Vp%26ust%3D1570767047103643&psig=AOvVaw3jJ9jga7bmIbQBD
dgub3Vp&ust=1570767047103643
• (From Viskanta, R., Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 6, 111, 1993.)
• (From Han, J.C. and Ekkad, S.V. Recent development in Turbine blade film cooling. Invited paper for ISTP-II, Hsinchu,
Taiwan, November, 1998.)

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Thank You

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