1942 - 1945
Manchuria, which was part of Mainland
China, was under siege by Japan in 1931.
 But it was not the last place Japan had intended
to conquer, Japan had marched on other parts of
the country. Although some of Japan’s
subsequent attacks were a failure.
It was a threat to the survival of Japan. Japan must survive,
 They decided a war.
America was not sleeping when Japan made
these alarming moves in China.
America won’t allow the Japanese to
Succeed in their campaign in China because
Americans had also interest in East Asia.
They increase the final aid to China.
America stopped its oil to Japan
because during this time, Japan
considered as a country with
poor natural resources.
o Happened December 7, 1941
o Pearl Harbor is the military base of the American.
o Located in Honolulu, Hawaii, near the center of the Pacific Ocean.
 To destroy American fleet units
and to conquer Southeast Asia
without interference.
So that communication of
American lines in the Pacific will
be cut off.

In all, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled or destroyed

nearly 20 American ships and more than 300 Airplanes. Dry docks
and airfields were likewise destroyed. Most important, 2,403 sailors,
soldiers and civilians were killed and about 1, 000 people were
wounded.
.
o On December 10, 1941 the first wave of Japanese invading forces landed in
Appari and Vigan, north of Luzon.
o In the days that followed, more forces arrived heeding
in Legazpi, South of Luzon.
o Davao and other parts of Mindanao saw the arrival of
Japanese invaders.
o On December 20, the main Japanese invasion forces
landed in Lingayen.
o Subsequent landings happened in Atimonan and Mauban.
o Gen. Douglas Mc’Arthur left the Philippines
and took refuge in Australia, and he
announced his famous promise through
radio which is “I shall return”
o The Japanese airplanes dropped leaflets on
Bataan specifically in war zones urging the
Filipino Soldiers to surrender and to desert
the American comrades-in arms.
o On April 9, 1942, US and Filipino defendants
in Bataan surrendered to the Japanese.
o On Dec. 25, 1941, Gen. Douglas MacArthur declared Manila as an open city to
be spared from further destruction.

o Unfortunately, the Japanese did not respect Manila as an Open city, because
they still dropped bombs.
o It was started in Cabcabin, Mariveles in April 10, 1942

o A plan was set to transfer the Filipino and American

soldiers from Mariveles, Bataan to Tarlac.

o It was carried out and the prisoners were forced to take a

90-mile walk.

o When the marched finished, more than 50, 000 Filipinos

and 500 Americans had died. They died as a result of
Malnutrition, disease and cruelties Of the Japanese
soldiers who guarded the march.
o Corregidor is a man made island off Bataan was a stronghold of the Filipino and
American Soldiers.

o Around 12,000 shells were dropped over Corregidor Islands in 24 hours so that sleep to
the soldiers, women and children was impossible

o The Americans and Filipinos are still fighting for the Corregidor
to save from the Japanese.

o General Wainwright surrendered in the thought it would

spare both the lives of the civilian and of his soldiers.
The treatment of the prisoners of wars was embodied in
the international convention.

o In Australia Wainwright Mc. Arthur surrendered to the

Corregidor.
o Farmers of Pampanga banded together and created local brigades for their protection.

• Luis Taruc – leader

• Castro Alejandro – right hand of the leader
• Members were simply called HUKBALAHAP

o Agreed to fight the Japanese as a unified guerilla army

o When Gen. Douglas Mc’Arthur fled to Australia,
the Philippine island fell into the hands of the Japanese.
o The Filipinos did not surrender:
Americans did it.
o The Philippines was under the
Commonwealth Government with
Manuel L. Quezon as the President.
o established on January 23, 1942
Chairperson: Jorge Vargas
Dept. heads:
Interior: Benigno Aquino Sr.
Finance: Antonio delas Alas
Justice: Jose P. Laurel
Education, Health & Public Welfare: Claro M. Recto
Public Works & Communications: Quintin Paredes
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Jose Yulo

o The PEC- Philippine Executive Commission was a

Japanese term which could be describe as care taker of
the government. When it was established all the political
parties of the Philippines were band except the KALIBAPI
– Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
o Noticeably lacked a bill of rights

o Contained 12 articles lifted from the 1935

constitution that fitted the wishes of the
Japanese.

o Was meant to be in effect only temporarily, while the

Philippines still in chaos.
The economic activities during the occupation were limited:
• Commerce and traids suffered a setback
• Industries, bank and factories were
on a stand-steal
• Work animals decrease and
Agriculture became weak
• The prices of commodities were
being controlled.
• Smokers made dried papaya leaves into
cigarettes; coffee drinkers toasted
uncooked rice and boiled and alternative
to coffee and mango leaves to tea.
• Filipinos were forced to eat “kangkong”
o Japanese wanted to erase any Western
influences of the Filipinos.
o They suppressed anything belonging
to America and Spain.
o They wanted to propagate the
Filipino Culture.
o Teaching was done in Nipponggo .
o Vocational Education was offered both
in Elementary and high school.
o Implant into the Filipinos spirit the love
of labor.