Unit –III-Bevel, Worm And Cross Helical Gears

Unit –III-Bevel, Worm And Cross Helical Gears

Syllabus
• Straight bevel gear: Tooth terminology, tooth forces and
stresses, equivalent number of teeth.
• Estimating the dimensions of pair of straight bevel gears.
• Worm Gear: Merits and demerits, terminology. Thermal
capacity, materials.
• Forces and stresses, efficiency, estimating the size of the
worm gear pair.
• Cross helical: Terminology - helix angles - Estimating the
size of the pair of cross helical gears.
 Straight bevel gear: Tooth terminology
• Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and
the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped.
Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees
apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well.The pitch
surface of bevel gears is a cone.
• Straight bevel gears have conical pitch surface and teeth are straight
and tapering towards apex..
 Straight bevel gear: Tooth terminology
Applications
• The bevel gear has many diverse applications such as locomotives,
marine applications, automobiles, printing presses, cooling towers,
power plants, steel plants, railway track inspection machines.
Advantages
• This gear makes it possible to change the operating angle.
• Differing of the number of teeth (effectively diameter) on each wheel
allows mechanical advantage to be changed.
Disadvantages
• One wheel of such gear is designed to work with its complementary
wheel and no other.
• Must be precisely mounted.
• The shafts' bearings must be capable of supporting significant forces.
Straight bevel gear: Tooth terminology
Straight bevel gear: Tooth terminology
Estimating the dimensions of pair of straight
bevel gears
Estimating the dimensions of pair of straight bevel gears
Estimating the dimensions of pair of straight bevel gears
Estimating the dimensions of pair of straight bevel gears
Worm Gear: Merits and demerits, terminology
• Worm gears are special gears used in rudders, automobile steering
mechanisms, hoists and rolling mills.
• A worm gear drive consists of two elements:
• Driving element → Screw
• Driven element → Helical gear
• Driving element (screw) is called worm and driven element (helical
gear) is called worm gear or worm wheel.
• Worm gear drives are typically used for transmission of power
between two non-parallel and non-intersecting shafts.
Worm Gear: Merits and demerits, terminology
Advantages of Worm Drives:
• Worm gear drives operate silently and smoothly.
• They are self-locking.
• They occupy less space.
• They have good meshing effectiveness.
Disadvantages of Worm Drives:
• Worm gear materials are expensive.
• Worm drives have high power losses and low transmission efficiency.
• They produce a lot of heat.
Applications of Worm Gear Drives:
• Worm drives are used in:
• Gate control mechanisms
• Hoisting machines
• Automobile steering mechanisms
• Lifts
• Conveyors
• Presses
Worm Gear: Merits and demerits, terminology
Advantages of Worm Drives:
• Worm gear drives operate silently and smoothly.
• They are self-locking.
• They occupy less space.
• They have good meshing effectiveness.
Disadvantages of Worm Drives:
• Worm gear materials are expensive.
• Worm drives have high power losses and low transmission efficiency.
• They produce a lot of heat.
Applications of Worm Gear Drives:
• Worm drives are used in:
• Gate control mechanisms
• Hoisting machines
• Automobile steering mechanisms
• Lifts
• Conveyors
• Presses
Worm Gear: Forces and stresses, efficiency, estimating the size
of the worm gear pair
Worm Gear: Forces and stresses, efficiency, estimating the size
of the worm gear pair
 Cross helical: Terminology - helix angles
• Crossed helical gear sets are used to transmit power and
motion between non-intersecting and non-parallel axes.
Both of the gears that mesh with each other are
involutes helical gears, and a point contact is made
between them.
Differences between parallel helical gear and crossed helical gear

Parallel Helical Gear Crossed Helical Gear

Parallel helical gears can transmit motion Crossed helical gears can transmit
and power between parallel shafts only. motion and power between
perpendicular but not-intersecting
shafts.
Two mating gears must be mounted on Two mating gears are mounted on two
two parallel shafts. perpendicular but non-intersecting
shafts.
Two mating gears should have same helix Two mating gears may have different
angle but opposite hand of helix. helix angles. They may have either same
or opposite hand of helix.
Engagement between two teeth starts Two meshing teeth always have point
with a point contact but gradually contact.
becomes a line contact.
Power transmission capacity of parallel Crossed helical gear has lower power
helical gear is higher due to broader transmission capacity due to point
contact. contact.
It has wide area of application ranging It is rarely used in small size instruments.
from small equipment to large industrial
field including gear trains.