LUBRICATION AND COLLING

SYSTEM IN ENGINE
Lubrication and Cooling System
in an Engine
Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to:

Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be

able to:
1) Identify where the cooling occurs in an engine
2) Identify where lubrication in an engine occurs
3) List the parts in an engine where cooling and
lubrication occurs
4) Know the importance of keeping an engine
lubricated
 There are a few safety precautions that need to be
followed when checking the lubrication and cooling
systems in an engine

1. The engine should be cold before you start.

2. The cap on the top of almost every car or truck
radiator (or on the separate coolant reservoir) is
designed for safety — first letting any built- up
pressure escape slowly — before the cap is
completely removed.
3. Don’t touch the oil because it maybe hot.
4. Wear gloves or use a rag.
5. Wear safety glasses.
Can anyone give me another?
 Does anyone know the importance of lubrication and cooling
systems in an engine?

• The lubrication and cooling system of an

internal- combustion engine is very important.
If the lubricating system should fail, not only
will the engine stop, but many of the parts are
likely to be damage beyond repair. Coolant
protects your engine from freezing or
overheating.
 What lubrication system does for an engine.

1. The job of the lubrication system is to distribute oil to the moving parts to
reduce friction between surfaces which rub against each other.
2. An oil pump is located on the bottom of the engine.
3. The pump is driven by a worm gear off the main exhaust valve cam
shaft.
4. The oil is pumped to the top of the engine inside a feed line.
5. Small holes in the feed line allow the oil to drip inside the crankcase.
6. The oil drips onto the pistons as they move in the cylinders, lubricating
the surface between the piston and cylinder.
7. The oil then runs down inside the crankcase to the main bearings holding
the crankshaft.
8. Oil is picked up and splashed onto the bearings to lubricate these
surfaces.
9. Along the outside of the bottom of the crankcase is a collection tube
which gathers up the used oil and returns it to the oil pump to be
circulated again.
 Proper lubrication of an engine is a
complex process.
Motor oil must perform many functions under many different operating conditions.
The primary functions of oil are listed below:

1. Provide a barrier between moving parts to reduce friction, heat buildup, and wear.
2. Disperse heat. Friction from moving parts and combustion of fuel produce heat that
must be carried away.
3. Absorb and suspend dirt and other particles. Dirt and carbon particles need to be
carried by the oil to the oil filter where they can be trapped.
4. Neutralize acids that can build up and destroy polished metal surfaces.
5. Coat all engine parts. Oil should have the ability to leave a protective coating on all
parts when the engine is turned off to prevent rust and corrosion.
6. Resist sludge and varnish buildup. Oil must be able to endure extreme heat without
changing in physical properties or breaking down.
7. Stay fluid in cold weather; yet remain thick enough to offer engine
 What the cooling system does for an engine.
1. Although gasoline engines have 4. The engine in your car runs best at a
improved a lot, they are still not very fairly high temperature.
efficient at turning chemical energy 5. When the engine is cold, components
into mechanical power. wear out faster, and the engine is less
2. Most of the energy in the gasoline efficient and emits more pollution.
(perhaps 70%) is converted into heat, 6. So another important job of the
and it is the job of the cooling system cooling system is to allow the engine
to take care of that heat. In fact, the to heat up as quickly as possible, and
cooling system on a car driving down then to keep the engine at a constant
the freeway dissipates enough heat temperature.
to heat two average-sized houses!
3. The primary job of the cooling system
is to keep the engine from
overheating by transferring this heat
to the air, but the cooling system also
has several other important jobs.
Cooling systems consist of three main parts:

• Your cooling system's

pumping function is
1. Pumping
handled by its water pump,
which keeps the coolant
mixture moving.

The main water pump is gear-

or belt-driven but, in many
cars, a secondary electric
water pump is used for
improved flow and cooling.
 Cooling systems consist of three main parts:
2. Piping
• Your cooling system's piping consists
of all hoses, any control valves, the
heater core, the radiator and the
expansion tank. Because of the
materials used and the constant
contact with coolant, all parts in this
system deteriorate more from time
than use.
• Maintenance of cooling system piping
consists of scheduled coolant
replacement, replacement of all
hoses on a regular basis and
replacement of any plugged or
leaking parts.
• All hoses should be checked at least
twice a year for abrasions, cracks,
flexibility and evidence of leakage.
Whenever the coolant is drained for
replacement or during engine repairs,
any suspect hoses should be
replaced. All hoses should be
replaced at least every few years.
• Radiators, expansion tanks, heater
cores and control valves are normally
only replaced due to leakage or
plugging. The condition of these parts
should be assessed by a professional
since proper functioning is critical to
many other systems within your car.
 Cooling systems consist of three main parts:

3. Temperature Control

• Your cooling system's temperature controls include all coolant temperature

sensors, thermostat, radiator or expansion tank cap, cooling fan(s) and fan clutch
(if equipped). These cooling system parts function primarily independent of the
engine but control the engine either through cooling or by sending control signals
to your car's electronic systems.
• The thermostat is a spring-loaded valve that opens and closes based on the
temperature of the coolant flowing through it. A high temperature reading
followed by a drop to normal temperature (or a continuously low temperature) is a
common first sign of a sticking thermostat. However, many other conditions may
cause these symptoms, so you need to know how to eliminate each possibility.
• The radiator or expansion tank cap is also a spring-loaded valve reacting to system
pressure. It serves to maintain proper system coolant level at predetermined
pressures. It must always be replaced with an exact replacement cap with the
same pressure setting. Never use other caps except for short-term emergencies!
 Liquid Cooled System

• In a liquid cooled system, heat is carried away by the

use of a heat absorbing coolant that circulates
through the engine, especially around the
combustion chamber in the cylinder head area of the
engine block. The coolant is pumped through the
engine, then after absorbing the heat of combustion
is circulated to the radiator where the heat is
transferred to the atmosphere. The cooled liquid is
then transferred back into the engine to repeat the
process.
 Maintenance of your cooling system

• Maintenance of your cooling system sensors is

virtually impossible since there's nothing really to
"maintain". Keeping them clean both internally
(coolant replacement) and externally (engine
cleaning) is the best way to ensure trouble-free
driving. Checking and replacing all parts at the
factory-recommended time or mileage limits helps as
well.
Is there any questions?
 Lubrication and Cooling System
• The lubrication system of an
internal-combustion engine
is very important. If the
lubricating system should
fail, not only will the engine
stop, but many of the parts
are likely to be damaged
beyond repair.
• The only purpose of the
engine's cooling system is to
remove excess heat from
the engine, to keep the
engine operating
temperature at its most
efficient level, and to get
the engine up to the correct
temperature as soon as
possible after starting. A
cooling system is also
required to prevent the
internal engine parts from
melting from the heat of
the burning fuel.