Respiratory

Drug
A. Respiratory stimulants

Drug example: Doxapram

 Doxapram

O Produces respiratory stimulation mediated

through the peripheral carotid

chemoreceptors. It is thought to stimulate
the carotid body by inhibiting certain
potassium channels.
 B. Expectorants

Drug example
Reflex Stimulations:
Guiafenesin
Direct Stimulations:
Potassium Iodide
 Guiafenesin

O An expectorant drug is used to thin

mucus and sputum. It also

stimulates the flow of respiratory
tract secretion allowing ciliary
movement to carry the loosened
secretion upward toward the pharynx
 Potassium Iodide
O The secretory glans are stimulated

directly to increase their production

of respiratory tract fluids
 C. Antitussive

Drug example
Opioids: Codeine
Non-Opioids:
Benzonatate
 Codeine
O Suppress the cough reflex by acting

on the center in the medulla

 Benzonatate
O Suppress the cough reflex by
numbing the stretch receptors in the
respiratory tract and preventing the
cough reflex from being stimulated
OA direct-acting sympathomimetic
amine.
O It acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors

in the nasal mucosa to produce

vasoconstriction, resulting in
decreased blood flow and decreased
nasal congestants
 D. Bronchodilators

Drug Example
Xanthine derivatives: Aminophylline
Beta-agonist: Albuterol
 Aminophylline
O Increased level of energy-producing

cAMP. This is done competitively

inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE)
the enzyme that breaks down cAMP.
 Albuterol
O Begins at specific receptor stimulated
ends with dilation of airways
E. Therapeutic Gases
Are plays vital role in various disease
conditions.

In particular, Carbon monoxide,

Oxygen, Nitric oxide, and
hydrogen sulfide.
 Carbon monoxide
O Carbon monoxide is endogenously

and physiologically generated in

mammalian cells via the catabolism
of heme in the rate-limiting step by
hemeoxygenase systems.
 Oxygen
O The development and growth of
multicellular organisms oxygen is
play essential role, it administered to
prevent hypoxic injury, the ability to
sense and respond to changes in
oxygen is important for the survival
of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
organisms.
F. Decongestants

Drug example:
Xylometazoline
 Xylometazoline
O Decongestants stimulate the alpha-
adrenergic

receptors to constrict dilated arteries within

the nasal mucosa. This decreases the
amount of swelling and formation of mucus
in the nose from the common cold, sinusitis,
and upper respiratory allergies.
G. Mast cell Stabilizer

Drug Example:
Olopatadine
Ketotifen
 Olopatadine

O Selective Histamine H1 Receptor

antagonist that binds to the
histamine H1 receptor. This blocks
the action of endogenous histamine,
which subsequently leads to
temporary relief of the negative
symptoms brought on by histamine.
 Ketotifen
O Is a cycloheptathiophene derivative

with anti-allergic activity. It

selectively blocks histamine (H1)
receptors and prevents the typical
symptoms caused by histamine
release.
ANG WAKAS