Cardiovascular drugs

P R E PA RED BY:
SAHA NA I BR A
FA I SAMINA AYUB
Antihypertensive
Ex. ATENOLOL
- is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent that blocks the effects of
adrenergic chemicals, for example, adrenaline or epinephrine,
released by nerves of the sympathetic nervous system
- also reduces the force of contraction of heart muscle and lowers
blood pressure
Peripheral Vasodilator
- blocks vasoconstrictor, aldosterone-secreting effects of an
angiotensin II, inhibiting binding of angiotensin II to A1 receptors.
This keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood
pressure and improves blood flow.

Ex. NIFEDIPINE
- widening the blood vessels and stopping them from going into a spasm
Antianginal drugs
-used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic
heart disease.

Ex. PROPANOLOL
- relax the muscles that make up the walls of your arteries,
increasing the blood supply to the heart.
Vasopressor
- increase vasoconstriction, which leads to increased SVR.
Increasing the SVR leads to increased MAP and increased
perfusion to organs.
Ex. Dopamine
Inotropic Agents
◦Positive Inotropic Agent
By increasing the conc. of intracellular calcium or increasing the
sensitivity of receptor proteins to calcium, positive inotropic agents can
increase myocardial contractility. Concentrations of intracellular calcium can be
increased by increasing influx into the cell or stimulating release from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Once in the cell, calcium can pass through one of the two channels: the L-
type calcium channel and the T-type calcium channel.

Ex. Digoxin
Negative Inotropic Agents
decrease myocardial contractility and are used to decrease cardiac
workload in conditions such as angina. While negative inotropism may
precipitate or exacerbate heart failure, certain beta blockers have been believed
to reduce morbidity abd mortality in CHF.

Ex. Beta Blockers

Antiarrythmic
Act by blocking the membrane sodium, potassium, and calcium
channels, but no agent has exclusive action on a given type of
channel.
Ex. Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Calcium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers prevent calcium from entering cells of the
heart and blood vessel walls, resulting in lower blood pressure.
Calcium channel blockers, also called calcium antagonists, relax and
widen blood vessels by affecting the muscle cells in the arterial walls.
Some calcium channel blockers have the added benefit of slowing
your heart rate, which can further reduce blood pressure, relieve
chest pain (angina) and control an irregular heartbeat.
Ex. Amlodipine
Beta blockers
Beta blockers, also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents, are
medications that reduce your blood pressure. Beta blockers work by
blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as
adrenaline.
When you take beta blockers, your heart beats more slowly and with
less force, thereby reducing blood pressure. Beta blockers also help
blood vessels open up to improve blood flow.
Ex.Acebutolol
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors help relax blood
vessels. ACE inhibitors prevent an enzyme in your body from
producing angiotensin II, a substance in your body that narrows your
blood vessels and releases hormones that can raise your blood
pressure. This narrowing can cause high blood pressure and force
your heart to work harder.

Ex. Benazepril