ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT: AN
INTRODUCTION
by: j g nel and l j kotze
AFREL MAE P. AYUBAN
Presenter
 Environmental
Management

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 KEY
CONCEPTS:

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1. Concept of Environmental Development
2. Challenges of Environmental Development
3. Complexities of Closing Loop Processes
4. Environmental Governance and
Environmental Management
5. Concepts of Integrated Environmental
Management
 Concept of Environmental
Management

⊷ Biotic ⊷ human as integral and

⊷ Abiotic indivisible part of the earth
system and that social issues
⊷ Interactions may not be separated from
⊷ Flow of Energy the environment
⊷ Issues ⊷ ANTHROPOCENTRIC
⊷ ECOCENTRIC
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 Concept of Environmental
Management

…the surrounding within which human exist and the

interrelationships between them
…physical, chemical, aesthetic and cultural properties
and conditions of the foregoing that influence human
health and well-being
- National Environmental Management Act 107 (NEMA) of
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1998
 Concept of Environmental
Management

…the aggregate of surrounding objects conditions

and influences, life and habits of man or any other
organisms or collections of organisms
- Environmental Conservation Act 73 (ECA) of 1989

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 Concept of Environmental
Management

…conditions and influences

…people are part of the environment and
central concerns regarding sustainability
- White Paper of Environmental Policy

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 Concept of Environmental
Management

…social, economic and cultural considerations in

order to ultimately result in a balanced
environment…people are part of the environment
and central concerns regarding sustainability
- BP Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Agriculture,
Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs (BP Decision
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 Concept of Environmental
Management

⊷ safeguard health and well-being of

the people
⊷ advance economic development
⊷ afford required degree of ecological
protection without eroding natural
financial and social resources bases
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 Challenges of Environmental
Management

⊷ Focus on the
characteristics of both
environmental managers
and environmental
management as well as
the challenges rather than
the concept itself

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 Challenges of Environmental
Management

⊷ Study and control processes

to try and reach particular
objectives. – Barrow
⊷ sensitive to the culture

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 Challenges of Environmental
Management

⊷ Multi-disciplinary
⊷ futuristic
background or practitioners
as well as a system
perspective of
environmental issues

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 Challenges of Environmental
Management
⊷ Field that seeks to balance human demands upon the Earth’s
natural resources base with the environment’s ability to meet
these demands on a sustainable basis- Colby

⊷ ISO 14001 2004: environment is not managed but that

activities, products and services are managed to prevent
undesired changes to the affected environment

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 Complexities of Closing Loop
Processes

⊷ Clearly identifiable start and

end points.
⊷ Principal Phases:
1. planning and design
2. procurement and contractual
3. implementation

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 Complexities of Closing Loop
Processes

⊷ Harmful products and substances

should also be managed from raw
material sourcing and processing,
procurement, transportation,
manufacturing, packaging, retailing,
using and responsible disposal

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 Complexities of Closing Loop
Processes

⊷ Select the correct

tool for the correct
job

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 Complexities of Closing Loop
Processes
⊷ Ethical
⊷ Efficiency
⊷ Effectiveness
⊷ Equity
⊷ Liberty
⊷ Uncertainty
⊷ Evaluation
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 Environmental Governance and
Environmental Management

⊷ Inherently complex
⊷ Environmental Governance?
Or Environmental
Management?
⊷ should be adopted by all
spheres (branches) of
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government
 Environmental Governance and
Environmental Management

⊷ Environmental governance is fragmented

horizontally and vertically
⊷ Integration (Inter-related and inter-
dependent)
⊷ Co-operative Governance-the backbone of
integrated environmental management in S.
Africa- Bray

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 Environmental Governance and
Environmental Management

⊷ Principal Contextual Dimensions

1. Political Interests and Agenda
2. Resources Providers Agenda
3. Stakeholders/Shareholders
Interest Agenda
4. Administration Interest Agenda
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 Environmental Governance and
Environmental Management

⊷ Strategies
1. Establishing viable local economies to
eradicate poverty
2. Policies and programs that foster peace
3. Empower local authorities to provide
and to recover from natural, industrial,
fiscal disasters
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 Environmental Governance and
Environmental Management

⊷ driven primarily by the need to

demonstrate legal compliance
⊷ should be integrated with all the
levels and functions ranging from
strategic, corporate-wide
arrangement
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 Integrated Environmental
Management
⊷ should encompass more than
principles, a philosophical
foundations and a sense of tools
and processes
⊷ integrate a wide range of issues
that affect both environmental
management an governance
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