MORAL SELF LIVING

WITH PURPOSE -
PERSONAL VALUE
AND PHILOSOPHY OF
LIFE
QUOTATIONS ON MORALITY
“The perfecting of oneself is the fundamental
base of all progress and all moral
development.”- Confucius.
“Family and moral values are the central to
everything that I am.”-Marian Wright
“Try not to become a man of success, but
rather try to be a man of value.”-Albert
Einstein
“Wisdom, compassion, and courage are the
three universally recognized moral qualities
of man .”-Confucius
“Morality is the basis of things and truth is the
substance of all morality.”-Mahatma Gandhi
“Only a life live for others, is the life worthwhile.” –
Albert Einstein
“Great value or built an strong moral foundation.
Men become great when they allow these values
to make root within their souls and live by them.” –
Lincoln Patts
“We are all born as empty vessels which can be
shaped by moral values.” – Jerry Springer
“Morality is the judgement to distinguish right and
wrong, vision to see the truth, courage to act
upon it, dedication to what is good, integrity to
stand by the good at any price.” - Anonymous
 MORALITY
Refers to the system of
beliefs and values that ensure
the individuals will keep their
obligations to others in the
society and behave in ways that
do not interfere with the rights
and interest of others.
 DILEMMA
Is a problematic situation in
which a difficult choice must be
made. Most of the time, the
consequence of any of the
choices or opinion are
perceived to be negative or
unappealing to the person
involved.
 MORAL
Is related to the sense or a
standards that determines
what is right and what is
wrong. It distinguish correct
from the incorrect or
appropriate from
inappropriate.
 DECISION-MAKING
Is understandably difficult, the
degree of which depending on the
situation. What faced with predicament,
exercise your best judgement on what
good or appropriate action to make.
Make it a point to always choose the right
action even if the situation is not
“problematic”. It takes constant practice
to make appropriate decision.
 MORAL REASONING
Is refers to the judgements
people make about what
courses of action are correct
or incorrect in particular
situation (Gerrig &
Zimbardo,2002). Reasoning is
a cognitive skill, but influences
moral development.
 THEORY OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
Lawrence Kohlberg
(1958) came up with this
idea by studying the
concept of moral reasoning.
This theory is shaped by and
tied up to by Piaget’s stage
of intellectual development.
 PIAGET’S STAGES OF
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Sensorimotor Stage – in which child
learns and develops knowledge
about his/her environment by relating
sensory experiences to motor actions.

2. Preoperational Stage – in which

the child learns to use symbols like
words or mental images to solve
problems.
3. Concrete Operations Stage – in
which the child develops the ability
to perform a number of logical
operations on concrete objects that
are present.

4. Formal Operations Stage – in

which the individual acquires the
ability to solve abstract problems in
logical manner.
 KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL REASONING
Level Stage Reasons for Moral Behavior

Preconvention 1. Pleasure/pain To avoid pain, punishment, or

al morality orientation getting caught
2. Cost-benefit To get rewards
orientation; reciprocity
Conventional 3. Good-child To gain acceptance and avoid
morality orientation disapproval
4. Law and order To follow rules and avoid
orientation censure by authorities
Principle or 5. Social contract To promote the welfare of
postconvention orientation society
al morality 6. Ethical principle To achieve justice and avoid
orientation self-condemnation
7. Cosmic orientation To be true to universal principles
and feel oneself part of a
cosmic direction that
transcends social norms
 PARENTING STYLE AND
PRACTICES
One other factor which affects the
individuals development is environmental
influence. It is characterized by force outside
of the individuals like hoe he/she has been
raised or reared by his/her parents. The
foundation of moral reasoning and
development are laid at home. The home is
where children first learn to distinguish
right/appropriate behaviors from
wrong/inappropriate behavior. What happens
at home, especially during growing-up years, is
critical to personal development.
 THREE
PARENTING
STYLE
 AUTHORITARIAN
Parents attempt to shape, control, and
evaluate the behavior and attitude of their
children in accordance with an absolute of
conduct standards that usually comes from
religious or respected authorities. They use
harsh discipline and punishment. Obedience
become a virtue. These parents do not
communicate well with their children, and do
not explain the rational behind the rules and
consequences of their children and use force
to ensure compliance.
 AUTHORITATIVE
Parents direct their children’s
activities in a rational and intelligent
way. They are supportive, loving,
and committed; support a give-and-
take relationship; discuss their rules
and policies with their children; and
encourage children to present their
viewpoints. They offer explanations
for rules and consequence.
 PERMISSIVE
Parents are less controlling and
behave with an accepting and non-
punishing attitude towards their
children’s desires, actions, and
impulses. They use reasons rather than
direct power. They are warm and
supportive, but tend not to enforce
rules. Because discipline is lacking,
children tend to make their own rules
even if they can benefit from parental
rules.
 UNINVOLVED/
NEGLECTFUL
Maccoby and Martin in 1983
introduce the fourth parenting
style. The uninvolved or neglectful
parents who take on a “hands-off”
stand in the affairs of their children.
 EFFECT OF PARENTING
STYLE
1. Authoritarian parents are
demanding, and their children have
less behavioral problems which are
easily prevented. However, studies
show that children reared under
autocratic parents tend to become
withdrawn, fearful and dependent.
These children may suffer from low self-
esteem. They may carry these traits
until adolescence or adulthood.
2. Authoritative parents have children
who are independent, reliable, rational
and confident. These children generally
feel good about themselves.

3. Permissive parents rarely impose rules

and are non-punishing. Thus, they tend to
have children who do not put structure
and order in things that they do. For these
children, anything goes.
4. Uninvolved parents are detached
and indifferent to the needs of their
children. As such, children grow up
feeling unloved and cannot follow
instruction. Some also fall prey or resort
to substance abuse as a form a
distraction or a way to get attention.