PEI Follow-Up

Sessions

Elementary Teachers
 Agenda

 Questions/concerns
 Review Concept Attainment
 Sharing
 Three Step Interview connected
to Concept Attainment
 Home
 Last Session
 We played with Framing Questions -- an
instructional skill -- we also played with
Place Mat, Numbered Heads, Round
Robin, One Stray Rest Stay,
Brainstorming, Concept Attainment, Fish
Bone Diagrams, Bloom’s Taxonomy,
Inductive and Deductive Thinking
 Concept
Attainment

Jerome Bruner’s Inductive

thinking strategy
How many of you have
experienced Concept
Attainment or applied it
in the classroom?
All of you have experienced it,
the process is what your
parents used when you were
young … to ‘teach’ you all
those ‘concepts’ like dog and
truck etc.
 Have you played this game?

 I am going on a trip and I can take a carrot

but I cannot take a can; I can take a beet
but I cannot take a bottle …
 QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
 QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
 QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
 QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
 QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Side A Side B
Testers
 QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What level of thinking and what type of
thinking does Concept Attainment demand?
• Level of thinking: Analysis
• Type of thinking: Inductive
• We see this with this objective: The students will
demonstrate they understand the difference
between weather and climate.
• Can you sense the relationship between
Concept Attainment and Venn Diagrams?
Climate, Weather and Concept Attainment

• The high temperature today will be 14 degrees

• Over the last decade the ice-cap has been
receding.
• Yesterday we had a tornado.
• Each year the monsoons come in the spring.
• I have never seen it snow like that before.
• We have four seasons every year: spring,
summer, winter, and fall.
Open and Closed-Ended ?’s
• What is your name?
• Please explain how photosynthesis
works?
• What are the parts of a bunsen burner?
• Why do you think Tuck did not drink the
water?
Inductive thinking refers to

Classifying --
understanding how
things in a group
are the
same…pushes the
analysis level of
thinking
Deductive thinking refers to

Finding an answer
… the scientific
method is an
example, we form
a hypothesis and
then find an
answer.
 What is a concept?
• Anything that has a label
• …and has a definition
• …and two or more examples that fit into that
definition that have the same attributes that
differentiate them from those things that don’t

• NOTE: that means most proper nouns are not

examples of concepts. (E.G., What do all the
David’s or Mary’s have in common that
differentiate them from the Bob’s or Helen’s?)
 Question

• Can you name one thing that is not

an example of a concept?

• …say eyebrow or wheelbarrow or love or

democracy or infinity or photosynthesis or
transportation or spaceship or addition or
factor or realism or history or teddy bear or
line or shape or triangle or media or …
 Three Phases of Concept
Attainment
• PHASE I: Share the focus statement and
the data set

• Phase II: Share their hypotheses and their

thinking

• Phase III: Application of the learning

 Three Types of Concepts

• Conjunctive - with common

attributes -- common juncture
• Dysjunctive - without common
attributes
• Relational - meaning comes out
of the context for comparison
 Conjunctive and Not Conjunctive

• Chair • Rough
• Car • Smooth
• Nose • Smart
• Book • Long
• Planet • Love
• Cloud • Democracy
• Triangle • Symbolism
• Rainbow • Motivation
 Relational and Not Relational

• Rough • Planet
• Smooth • Could
• Smart • Triangle
• Long • Rainbow
• Steep • Love
• Rich • Democracy
• Warm • Symbolism
• Opposite • Motivation
 Dysjunctive and Not Dysjunctive

• Symbolism • Planet
• Democracy • Could
• Effective • Triangle
• Motivating • Rainbow
• Computer
• Love (tricky)
• Home run (in baseball)
• ‘Strike’ in baseball
• Sweet
• Beautiful • Opaque
• Technology
 Focus on civil rights

1. In South Africa policy prohibited blacks from

living in areas designated as ‘white only’ areas.
2. In Canada, the First Nation People were denied
access to most ‘classy’ cafes.
3. In Germany, during WW Two, Jews were
required by law to have travel passes in order
to move about their community
4. In North America, it is not unusual to have all
white juries hear the case of a non-white
person.
 civil rights continued
5. In Canada, during WW II, legislation was passed that
sent Japanese Canadians to special camps. They had
to leave behind virtually all their possessions. German
and Italian Canadians did not have to move to those
camps.
6. In some states in the United States, if a black killed a
white person they were always found guilty. If a white
killed a black, they were always found innocent.
7. In the United States, blacks were obliged by law to sit at
the back of the bus.
8. In England, three people were killed by a bomb planted
by the IRA
 civil rights testers
A. In North America, immigrant children were teased on
the playground
B. As set out in legislation, in some states, and
countries, women are not allowed to terminate a
pregnancy.
C. In Canada, women did not have the right to vote.
D. In Malaysia, if your hair was longer than a certain
length (as shown by pictures in the banks) you would
not be served until everyone else in the bank was
served.
E. In Canada, we have created laws that support men
and women being paid the same wage if they do the
same job.
 Data Set: Ways of Convincing
• The purpose of the test is to measure what
you know; cheating defeats the purpose of
the test. You should not cheat.
• Honesty is the best policy. Therefore
you should not cheat.
• Let’s get a kitten for Granny. Pets help
lower blood pressure in older people.
• Everyone in the family has gone to
college; you must go to college.
 Data Set: Ways of Convincing
• Studies show that people manage money better
as adults when they have had allowances as
children. I should get an allowance.
• If you loved me you would give me an
allowance.
• There are fewer fatal accidents since the speed
limit was reduced. The speed limit should stay
reduced.
• The kitten has been abandoned. It’ll starve if
we don’t bring it inside.
 Data Set: Ways of Convincing
• Butter is high in cholesterol. As a cardiac patient,
you shouldn’t use it.
• You have a moral obligation to take this staff
development course on AIDS. If you don’t,
parents will think you are irresponsible. You
should take this course.
• College graduates have a higher average lifetime
income than non-graduates. You should go to
college if you want to earn more.
• How can you eat meat? That is so sickening!
Yuck, would you eat your pet? You should be a
vegetarian.
 Ways to Convince: Testers

• I’m voting for Joe Smith, he is so good

looking and he seems like he would treat
people with respect.
• Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you.
• Buckle up for safety.
• Buckle up, it is the law.
• Buckle up, I’m not taking care of you if you
get injured.
 Ways to Convince: Testers

• Life insurance will provide your family with

support if you die.
• Coke is it.
• You Deserve a Break! (McDonalds)
• Be true to yourself.
• I’m voting for Jessica; she has integrity
and has worked as a city counselor
effectively for eight years.
 What the ODD’s have in
common…
• They involve reasoning -- it deals with
principles and criteria of validity; it is
analytic, deductive.

• So with a partner, group the EVEN

examples and the TESTERS that are
EVEN into other ways of convincing
others.
 Categories for Convincing

• Ethos - ethics, morality (Black & Blue Hat)

• Pathos - emotions feelings (Red Hat)
• Logos - logic facts (White Hat)

Comment: In a debate, you employ one or

more of these to argue pro or con an
issue.
 Two Types of Concepts
Blumer, 1954

• Definitive (like conjunctive in Bruner’s)

 Means we have clarity - no confusion
(chair, truck)
• Sensitizing (like relational and dysjunctive
in Bruner’s)
 Means we have a lack of clarity and we work
at getting increasing clarity but usually never
really get absolute clarity (justice, love)
 Two Ways to Present the Data Set

• Focused Gambling -- present one YES

and one NO example at a time

• Simultaneous Scanning -- the students

see all the data set at once

• Note: the more print, the more likely you

show one at a time -- especially for
younger kids.
 Concept Attainment:
Focused Gambling
• Angry Trembling
• Excited Clenching fists
• Happy Laughing
• Confused Yelling
• Annoyed Daydreaming
• Embarrassed Talking out
 Testers (focused gambling)

• Hiding
• Nail biting
• Afraid
• Relaxed
• Relaxing
• Upset stomach
• Confident
 Concept Attainment:
Simultaneous Scanning
• Precious junk • Valuable jewelry
• Gregarious hermit • Old man
• Dangerous friend • Quickly ran
• Slowly raced • Beautiful butterfly
• Openly camouflaged • Closed door
• Eternal instant • Dangerous thoughts
• Naïve wisdom • Exquisite joy
 Testers (simultaneous scanning)
• Boy that dog is pretty ugly.
• Joyful tears ran down the mother’s face as her
daughter returned home from school.
• The man bought one kilo of jumbo shrimp
• Take the down escalator to the washroom.
• As the verdict was read she silently yelled, why,
why, why.
• Now that is an example of military intelligence.
 Dichotomous Non Dichotmous

A B A B
Nouns Verbs Triangles All other shapes
Biotic Abiotic Cars Trains, Buses etc
Democracy Other forms
Addition Subtraction
SolidsLiquids & Gases
Simile Metaphor
Translucent Opaque & Transp.
Socialism Capitalism
Teasing Others forms of B
Abstract Realism Chemical Other types of
2D 3D Change Change
Why use Concept Attainment?
 Knowledge as Design

· What is the structure of the concept?

· What are model cases of the concept?
· What is the purpose of the concept?
· What is the value of the concept?

…David Perkins
 Screwdrivers
· What is the structure of the concept?
· Handle, shaft, end that sticks into screws
· What are model cases of the concept?
· Phillips, Flat Head, Robertson
· What is the purpose of the concept?
· Put in screws
· What is the value of the concept?
· Mechanical advantage
 Question
• How do wait time, framing
questions, think/pair/share, concept
attainment, safety, accountability,
active participation, Bloom’s
Taxonomy, Brain Research, etc.,
work together?
 Questioning Factors
• Complexity of Thinking
• Academic Engaged Time
• Use of Wait Time
• Responding to Student Responses
• Knowledge of Results
• Shifting from Covert to Overt
• Fear of Failure
• Public vs Private Failure
• Distribution of Responses
• Accountability and Level of Concern
 QuickTime™ and a
TIF F (LZW ) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Instruction …classified
• Instructional concepts
• Instructional concepts that are skills
• Instructional concepts that are tactics
• Instructional concepts that are
strategies
• Instructional concepts that are
instructional organizers
 Concept Attainment
• Skills
• Concepts (only) • Framing questions
• Safe • Applying wait time
• Accountable • Suspending judgment
• Novelty • Discussing the purpose of
the lesson
• Authentic
• Responding to a ‘no’
• Motivation response
• Active Participation
Concept Attainment
• Organizers • Others
• Multiple Intelligence • Fish Bone Diagram
• Gender • Word Web
• Enthusiasm
• Ethnicity
• TRIBES
• Culture
• PWIM
• Brain
• Community Circle
• Child Development • Lesson Design
• Learning Difficulties • Cooperative Learning
• At Risk Environment • Critical Thinking
Concept Attainment
• Tactics • Strategies
• Think Pair Share • Concept Attainment
• Brainstorming • 5 Basic Elements
• Venn Diagram • Mind Mapping
• Flow Chart
• Concept Mapping
• Round Robin
• Jigsaw
• 3 Step Interview
• PMI
• Academic
Controversy
• Six Thinking Hats
• Group Investigation
• Reading Recovery
Levels of Use of an Innovation
• Non-use
• Orientation (searching out information)
• Preparation
• Mechanical (the implementation dip)
• Routine (where student benefit starts)
• Refined
• Integrative
• Refocus (search for new idea)
CBAM (Concerns Based Adoption Model)
• Levels of Use • Levels of Concern
• Non-User • No Concerns
• Orientation • Awareness
• Preparation • Information
• Mechanical • Personal
• Routine • Impact on Students
• Refined • Collaborative
• Integrative
 Parts of Speech can you see a
problem with the data set?
 Dog  Run
 Car  Fly
 Butterfly  Brush
 Window  Go
 Teeth  Eat
 Dirt  Close
 Water  Rock
 Book  Slide
 Parts of speech data set
reworked:
 He ran over to his grandmother’s house.
 The bird flew into the nest.

 She rode her bike with her friends.

 The book was easy to read.

 I think the slide in the park is broken.

 Does this data set work?
Capital Cities in Canada

• Victoria • Vancouver
• Edmonton • Calgary
• Regina • Saskatoon
• Winnipeg • Brandon
• Charlottetown • Montreal
• Halifax • Woodstock
• Quebec City • Cranbrook
 Capital Cities

• Victoria is a larger • Vancouver is also a

city in B.C. It is on large city. Like
the water and has an Victoria it is also on
average temperature the water -- in
of 19 degrees addition it has a
centigrade. It also mountain range that
has the legislative rise steeply from the
building for the water increasing the
government of B.C. amount of rain.
 Ridicule and Sarcasm
• What a jerk!
• Hey metal mouth.
• Four eyes, get a life.
• You’re an idiot.
• So dumbo, fail again.
• You’ll never have friends.
• That car is a pile of junk.
• Nice comment Einstein.
• Love the hair style.
• That comment will go
down in history.
• Whoa, Michael Jordan
will be searching you out!
• So who taught you to
play baseball?
• So, who dresses you?
 Testers for Ridicule and Sarcasm

• There is no such thing as a right answer, but

if there was, that would be it.
• When they gave out brains, you thought
they said trains and you are a million miles
away.
• You have the mind of an ant.
• Bart simpson has nothing on you.
 Does this data set work?
Mammals

• Dog • Lizards
• Elephant • Snakes
• Humans • Emus
• Lions • Ants
• Deer • Eagles
• Whales • Sharks
• Gophers • Turtles
 Does this data set work?
Elephants

• trunk • beak
• big ears • small ears
• grey • striped
• very heavy • light
• live in Africa • lives in Canada
• tough wrinkly skin • a lot of feathers
• can do hard work • does not work at all
 Algebra

• A man sells oranges in the market … let O stand for the

number of oranges.
• A women sells tennis balls … let X stand for the
number of tennis balls.
• A bus takes students to a stadium … let S stand for the
number of students.
• A restaurant serves 134 people on average each day …
let Y stand for the number of people.
• Jets crash on average … let C stand for the number of
crashes.
• Computer sales have doubled each month … let C
stand for yearly sales.
 QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.