Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Collective Behavior
Collective Behavior
1
SCENARIO
FIRE
2
Collective
Behavior
Mariano Marcos State University
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Laoag City
3
Social
Social Temporary
Process or
Behavior
events
Unorganized
patterns of social
COLLECTIVE Non-routine
interaction BEHAVIOR actions
Anonymity Unpredictable
4
CHARACTERISTICS OF
COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
• Collective behavior is temporary in nature
and is entirely an unplanned one.
• This type of behavior is not regulated by
any set of rules or procedures.
• Since this behavior is not bound by any
defined norms, it becomes unpredictable.
• Anonymity encourages them to behave in
an irresponsible manner.
• It is an unusual event.
5
A THEORY OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
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DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED IN THE STUDY
OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
• unstructured.
• Occurs as a spontaneous outburst.
• It has a very wide range of
meaning, in which we find a lot of
variance.
7
VARIETIES OF
COLLECTIVE
BEHAVIOR
8
RUMORS
Often viewed as "an unverified account or
explanation of events circulating from
person to person and pertaining to an
object, event, or issue in public concern"
(p. 33)
A rumor maybe true, false or a
combination of truth and falsehood.
Rumors have three basic characteristics
- they're transmitted by word of mouth
- they provide "information" about a
person, happening, or condition
- they express and gratify the emotional
needs of the community 9
RUMORS
Rumors normally rise in
situations where people are
deprived of information or
where they do not trust the
official information they are
given.
Rumors are believed and
spread because people need
and like them. (Horton and
hunt)
10
FASHION
Fashions are currently
accepted styles of
appearance and behavior.
In modern complex
societies, fashions are not
only rampant but also
change very rapidly.
A new fashion is generally
more likely to be accepted if
it does not differ too much
from existing fashion. 11
FADS
“A fad is a trivial, short lived
variation in speech, decoration,
or behavior.”
Fads differ from fashion in that
they are more temporary.
A fad often provides a means of
asserting personal identity.
When a fad become wide
spread, it loses its charm.
12
MASS HYSTERIA
A type of diffused (wide spread)
collective mass behavior.
It takes place when a potentially
destructive or threatening event
causes a widespread, highly
emotional fear.
a state of mind, one of
unmanageable fear or emotional
excesses.
The term also occurs in the phrase
mass hysteria to describe mass
public near-panic reactions. 13
PANIC
“Panic is an attempt to flee from
an imagined or real threat.”
In the event of panic, people’s
behavior is uncoordinated.
It is irrational, in a panic situation
people’s action are not
appropriate.
A sudden crises occurs. Since
people are unprepared to face it,
they develop intense tension and
great fear. 14
CROWDS
A crowd is a gathering of people
who share a purpose or intent and
influence one another.
“A crowd is a group of people who
are physically close together and
share a common concern”
(Wallace and Wallace)
Example:
• A group of passengers at bus stop.
• A group of people gathered in fish
market to buy or sell fish. 15
TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• CASUAL - loose collection of people with
no real interaction.
- These crowds are most loosely
structured of all crowds.
- Individuals of these crowds have least
emotional involvement in the crowd.
- They can easily go away from it.
Examples:
People at the mall.
A group of people forming a crowd at
the spot of car accident. 16
TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• CONVENTIONAL - deliberately
planned meeting.
- Planned and relatively structured.
- Gathers for a socially sanctioned
purpose.
- These are known as conventional
crowds because their
behavior follows the established
social norms and conventions.
17
TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• EXPRESSIVE - depicts a crowd at an
emotionally charged event (e.g., a political
rally or soccer game in Europe or Latin
America).
- This crowd gathers specifically for the
purpose of letting out emotions.
- They are organized to permit the
personal gratification of their members.
Example:
a religious revival meeting
a political rally
18
TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• ACTING - a crowd intent on
accomplishing something.
- This crowd focuses its attention
on a specific action or goal.
- The members are generally
angry at some force and want to
act against it.
- Comparatively it is least common
one but socially it is most
significant of the four basic
crowd types. 19
TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• ACTING
Example:
MOB - a violent acting crowd
- Mobs are emotionally charged groups of people who
are united by a specific violent and destructive goal.
- Mobs typically have leaders who egg the mob on and
enforce conformity among its members.
- Mobs represent a challenge to social order and
authority.
- Mobs are typically short-lived and break-up once their
objective is accomplished. 20
TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• ACTING
Example:
RIOT - a riot is a collective of people
who erupt into generalized destructive
behavior.
- Riots are less unified and not
usually focused on any particular
goal.
- Riots often get started when long-
standing tensions are triggered by a
single event.
21
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
CROWD
22
SUGGESTIBILITY
• The participants in a crowd become
highly suggestible as if they had
been hypnotized.
COLLECTIVE
BEHAVIOR
27
STRUCTURAL CONDUCIVENESS
the set-up or structure of a society
or community that makes the
outbreak of collective behavior
possible.
Typically, this has something to do with
the mass media - an essential element
for spreading information - facts and
rumors alike.
In "The Shelter," the existence of
television, radio, and the special civil
defense communications system make
the panic possible. 28
STRUCTURAL STRAIN
The social conditions put
stress/strain on people and
encourage them to take collective
action.
In "The Shelter," people in America
were very much anxious about the
possibility of a nuclear attack. Some
even built bomb shelters in their
backyards.
29
GENERALIZED BELIEF
What do people believe is
happening - to cause them to take
collective action
In "The Shelter," the neighbors were
convinced that terrorist were headed
toward nearby city. They were sure a
that terrorist attack was coming.
30
PRECIPITATING FACTORS
specific events "trigger" the
outbreak of collective behavior.
This is typically a single event
that proves to be the "final
straw.“
In "The Shelter," the
precipitating factor is the
interruption of the TV signal and
the government announcement
that unidentified objects have
been picked up on radar. 31
MOBILIZATION FOR ACTION
specific actions to they take as
part of their collective behavior.
Do they yell, scream, loot, set
things on fire, destroy stuff? What
DO they do?
In "The Shelter," the neighbors fight
among themselves and demand that
the doctor open up his shelter. In the
end, they break down the door of the
shelter with a piece of pipe used as a
battering ram.
32
SOCIAL CONTROL
How do the authorities control
and/or bring the situation under
control.
Do they send in the National
Guard or Federal Troops? Do they
make announcements on the radio
or Television?
In "The Shelter," the panic ends when
the government radio announces that
the objects on radar were satellites -
not incoming enemy missiles. 33
Where on earth did I do?
To deserve the three of you.
-Cited: Najorda, 2020
ThankYou
Dan Jerome L. Malapira
0908-
malapirad3cl@gmail.com