TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

 Muhammad Arbaz
 Saad Bin Asad
 Muhammad Gulbaz
 M.Imran s/o M.Khan
 Temperature can be defined as the measure of hotness
or coldness of a body.
 A Temperature Controlled System is a type
of control system that
automatically controls the temperature of an object or
an area.
 Temperature control systems is generally used in Air
Conditioners, Refrigerators, geysers, industrial and
other domestic purposes.
 A temperature controller is an instrument used to
control temperature calculating the difference between
a set point and a measured temperature. The controller
takes an input from a temperature sensor and has an
output that is connected to a control element such as
a heater or fan.
 In temperature control system a controller is
used which compares the actual temperature
to the desired control temperature, or
setpoint, and provides an output to a control
element using thermocoupler or RTD
(resistance temperature detector) as input.
 A setpoint is a target value set by an operator
which the controller aims at keeping steady.
For instance, a setpoint temperature of 30°C
means that a controller will aim to keep the
temperature at this value.
 This input, or process, value is then
compared with the setpoint value. If the
actual value doesn't match the setpoint, the
controller generates an output signal change
based on the difference between the setpoint
and the process value and whether or not the
process value is approaching the setpoint or
deviating farther from the setpoint. This
output signal then initiates some type of
response to correct the actual value so that it
matches the setpoint.
 Temperature controllers are needed in any
situation requiring a given temperature be
kept stable.
 There are two fundamental types of
temperature control:
 Open loop
 Closed loop
 Open loop is the most basic form and
applies continuous heating/cooling with no
regard for the actual temperature output.
 Let us take an example of internal heating
system in a car. On a cold day, you may need
to turn the heat on to full to warm the car to
75°. However, during warmer weather, the
same setting would leave the inside of the car
much warmer than the desired 75°.
 . In a closed loop application, the output
temperature is constantly measured and adjusted
to maintain a constant output at the desired
temperature. Closed loop control is always
conscious of the output signal and will feed this
back into the control process. Closed loop
control is analogous to a car with internal climate
control. If you set the car temperature to 10°, the
climate control will automatically adjust the
heating (during cold days) or cooling (during
warm days) as required to maintain the target
temperature of 10°.
 Temperature controllers are used in a wide
variety of industries to manage
manufacturing processes or operations.
 Heat treat/ovens
 Plastics
 Health care
 Food and beverage
 Packing
 A temperature sensor is a device, that collects
the data about temperature from a particular
source and converts the data into
understandable form for a device or an
observer. Some common temperature sensors
are
 Thermometer
 Thermocoupler
 RTD (resistance temperature detector)
 A thermometer is a device used to measure
the temperature of solids, liquids, or gases.
The name thermometer is a combination of
two words: thermo – means heat, and meter
means to measure. Thermometer contains a
liquid, which is mercury or alcohol in its glass
tube. The volume of the thermometer is
linearly proportional to the temperature,
when the temperature increases, the volume
of the thermometer also increases.
RTD sensor is one of the most accurate
sensors. In a resistor temperature detector,
the resistance is proportional to the
temperature. This sensor is made from
platinum, nickel, and copper metals. It has a
wide range of temperature measurement
capabilities as it can be used to measure
temperature in the range between -270oC to
+850oC.