DESIGN OF OVER

HEAD TANK AND

WATER
DISTRIBUTION

PRESENTED BY

G.SRIKANTH

16271A0143
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVES OF MISSION BHAGIRATHA
3. METHODS OF POPULATION FORECASTING
4. EATIMATION OF WATER QUANTITY REQUIRED
5. TEST AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
6. TYPES OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
7. DESIGN OF OVER HEAD TANK
8. CONCLUSION
1. INTRODUCTION

 The Telangana state had suffered with water scarcity for about 6 years in last decade this lead the
implementation of Telangana Drinking Water Supply Project named as MISSION BHAGIRATHA with a
vision of providing safe, adequate, permanent and sustainable water to rural and urban areas.

 This project was established on 6th AUGUST 2016 with a budget ₹43,791 crores by Government of
Telangana.
 This project is divided into 26 segments based topography, commandability, proximity and ease of
connectivity from various dependable sources.
2. OBJECTIVES OF MISSION BHAGIRATHA

1. General objectives:
 To ensure safe and sustainable piped drinking water supply from surface water sources at
i. 100 LPCD( litres per capita per day) for rural areas.
ii. 135 LPCD for municipalities
iii. 150 LPCD for municipalities corporations
iv. 10% to meet industrial requirements
2. Specific objectives
i. To provide safe and sustainable drinking water to every household of Telangana state and to
control drought conditions.
ii. To provide employment to many unemployed and women of Telangana.
3. METHODS OF POLULATION FORECASTING

1. Arithmetic increase method

2. Geometric increase method
3. Ratio method
4. Logistic curve method
5. Comparative graphical method
6. Simple graphical method
7. Incremental increase method
 The particular method adopted for a particular city depends on various factors and method selection is
based on the discretion and intelligence of the designer.
 Details of village
Name : Bombay Guda
Mandal : Penchikalpet
Last known population : 12,000
Growth rate : 2%
Design period : 2050
 The increase in population is every rapid and exponential so the best method is to adopted is GEOMETRIC
INCREASE METHOD
FORECASTING OF POPULATION
 Population at the end of design period is :
∗)
P = P^ *𝒆𝒓(𝒕𝒏−𝒕
where,

P = design population
p^ = last known population
r = growth rate
tn = design period
t* = last known population year
P = 12,000^ *𝒆𝟐(𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟎−𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟎)
P = 26707 capita
Thus, at the end of 2050 design period the village will have the population of 26707 so
the water tank has to be designed for this population.
4. ESTIMATION OF WATER QUANTITY REQUIRED

 The quantity of water required for the municipal uses for which the water scheme has be designed requires
the following 1. water consumption ( per capita Demand in liters per day head )
2. population of be served
3. Quantity = per demand * population
 It is very difficult to precisely assess the quantity of water demanded by the public, since there are many
variable factors affecting water consumption. The various types of water demands, which a city may have,
may be broken into following classes
Water consumption for various purposes:

S.NO TYPES OF CONSUMPTION NORMAL RANGE AVERAGE PERCENTAGE

1. Domestic Consumption 65 - 300 160 35

2. Industrial and commercial 45 - 450 135 30

consumption

3. Public including fire demand uses 20 - 90 45 10

4. Losses and theift 45 - 150 62 25

 Estimation of total water demand: based on all factors it is decided to supply 100 lpcd.
 Based on population of village at design period the water requirements as follows
total amount of water for design period = design population * per capita demand
= 26707 * 100
= 26,70,701 liters
 So, the over head tank should be designed for 26, 70, 701 liters.
 But as per present requirements it is designed for 60,000lt.
 5. TESTS AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
 A water is supplied for drinking, domestic and industrial use they should be treated and checked that the
quality standards are within the limits.
 Some of the water quality standards and test conducted in the environmental engineering lab at the plant
are PH, odour, colour, taste, turbidity, fluoride content etc..
 Among all the above tests the hardness, fluoride demand, alkalinity tests are done with care.
INDIAN STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS FOR DRINKING WATER:
S.no Parameter Acceptable Permissible remarks
limits limits
1. colour 5 Hazens 15 Hazens Extend15 only, if toxic
units units substances are not
suspectable in absence of
alternate sources.
2. odour agreeable agreeable a) test cold and when
heated
b) Test at several dilutions

3. PH 6.5 – 8.5 No relaxation ___

4. Taste agreeable agreeable Test to be conducted only after safety has been
established
5. Turbidity 1 NTU 5 NTU ___

6. Total dissolved 500mg/lit 2000mg/lit ___

solids
7. calcium 75mg/lit 200mg/lit ___

8. chloride 250mg/lit 1000mg/lit ___

9. Fluoride 1mg/lit 1.5mg/lit ___

10. Iron 0.3mg/lit No relaxation Total concentration of manganes and iron shall
not exceed 03mg/lit
11. Magnesium 30mg/lit 100mg/lit ___

12. Sulphate 200mg/lit 400mg/lit May be extended to provide that magnesium

does not exceed 30
13. Alkalinity 200mg/lit 600mg/lit ___

14. Hardness 200mg/lit 600mg/lit ___

6. TYPES OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 There are different water distribution systems they are

1. Dead end system
2. Radial system
3. Ring system
4. Grid iron system
1.Dead end system
2. Radial system 3.Ring system
4. Grid iron system

 The distribution system adopted in mission Bhagirath is radial system.

Therefore is essential to know the design of over head tanks.
7. DESIGN OF OVER HEAD TANKS
 A water tank is used to store water to tide over daily requirements.
 In the construction of concrete structure for the storage of water and other
liquids the imperviousness of concrete is required.

 The permeability of any uniform and thoroughly compacted concrete of given

mix proportions is mainly dependent on water cement ratio.
 The increase in water cement ratio results in increase in permeability.
 Concrete mix weaker than M20 is not used and the minimum quantity of
cement in the concrete mx shall be not less than 30KN/m.
 All joints should be made water tight as these are potential source for leakage.
 In structure which are used to store hot or cold liquids the stresses caused due
to temperature changes between inside and outside the tank should be taken
into account.
Design of over head tank:
 Height of tank above ground level = 12m
Capacity of water tank = 60,000litres = 60𝑚3
Then, volume of tank = 60 𝑚3
Ratio of length to width = 1:4
So, L/B = ¼
Calculation:
As the tank is circular the diameter is to be calculated
Depth of tank (d) = 3.450m
Area (A) volume/depth
𝜋
A = = 63/3.450 = 17.39
4𝐷2
𝜋
= 17.39
4𝐷2
D = 4.70m
The diameter of the tank to be designed is 4.70m
Design parameters for various parts of over head tank:

 Components of water tower consists of

A. Tank portion with
i. Roof and roof beams
ii. Floor or bottom
iii. Floor beams, including circular girder
B . Staging portion consisting of
i. Bracing
ii. Foundation
 Types of tanks may be
a) Square – open or with cover top
b) Rectangular – open or with cover at top
c) Circular – open or with cover at which may be flat or domed
CONCLUSION

Thus, the design, execution of OHBR has been done under the guidance of
experienced engineer. Mission Bhagirath a flagship project of Telangana state is
making tremendous physical progress without any dearth funds. The project has
become example for other states to emulate. The government of Tamilnadu, Uttar
Pradesh, Maharastra and West Bengal are now planning to implement this project
in their states.