How do you sustain a conversation?

Objectives:
✢ Engage in a communicative situation
using acceptable, polite, and meaningful
communication strategies; and
✢ Demonstrate effective use of
communicative strategy in a variety of
speech situations.
 Effective
Communication Strategies
 Communicative Strategy
It is a plan or course of action that conveys information
effectively. It serves as a blueprint in expressing to others
information related to a specific event, situation, or audience.
 Types of Communicative Strategies

Nomination Restriction Turn-taking

Topic Topic
Repair Termination
Control Shifting
Nomination
✢The speaker carries to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic. Basically, when
you employ this strategy, you try to open a
topic with the people you are talking to.
✢ When this strategy is used, the topic is
introduced in a clear and truthful manner,
stating only what is relevant to keep the
interaction focused.
“I was late for class again! The LRT
stopped midway. What is wrong
with the LRT?”
 “Have you heard about the news
about the militarization of Lumad
schools? What can you say about
that?”
“Have you noticed the weird weather
lately? Is this because of global
warming?”
Restriction
✢ It is a strategy that constrains or restricts the
response of the other person involved in the
communication situation.
✢ The listener is forced to respond only within a
set of categories that is made by the speaker.
 They say that the Philippine
economy is getting better. Only
the rich thinks that, right?
Turn-taking
✢ Turn-taking pertains to the process by which
people decide who takes the conversational
floor.
✢ Turn-taking communicative strategy uses
either an informal approach (just jump in and
start talking) or a formal approach (permission
to speak is requested).
Turn-taking
✢ Turn-getting – move initiated by any interactant
to get the attention of everyone because (1) he/she
likes to say something; (2) needs to ask a clarifying
question; (3) has to paraphrase to avoid
misinterpretations
✢ Turn-keeping – move to show that the interactant
can keep the floor
✢ Turn-yielding – it is when the speaker would like
to give the floor to someone
“May I have the floor, sir? “
 “Excuse me? I think we should
speak one at a time, so we can
clearly understand what we want
to say about the topic.”
"Go on with your ideas. I'll let you
finish first before I say
something."
Topic Control
✢ This is a strategy that limits the coverage of a
discussion or conversation to things that are
acceptable to the people involved in the
exchange.
✢ It ensures that only topics of relevance to both
or all parties are being talked about.
“This might not be the best venue
for a discussion.”
 “I’d like to remind our
participants to keep to the
conversation.”
“Maybe we should reserve that
topic for another time.”
Topic Shifting
✢Topic shifting is the strategy that is useful in
introducing another topic. This strategy works
best when there is follow-through so that new
topic continues to be discussed.
✢Shifting occurs when you would like another,
more interesting or pleasant topic to talk about
instead.
"By the way, there's a new milk tea
shop opening at the mall."
 "In addition to what you said
about the beautiful girl is that she
is also smart."
Repair
✢ This strategy is employed just in case the
conversation bogs down.
✢Repair refers to how speaker address the
problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation.
✢ Repair is a communication strategy for
recouping lost rapport in a conversation.
 "I'm sorry, the word should be
pronounced as pretty not priti."
“I’m sorry, I take that back…”
Termination
✢ Termination refers to the conversation
participants’ close-initiating expressions that
end a topic in a conversation.
✢ Terminating or ending an interaction is useful
in avoiding conflicts or diffusing arguments.
"That is all for today class,
goodbye!"
“Never mind, it doesn’t matter.
Let’s not talk about it anymore.”
 Activity #1
Video Critiquing
Guide Questions:
1. What communication strategies do you think were
used for the given communicative situation?
Identify each.
2. How does choice of communicative strategy affect:
a. language?
b. duration of the interaction with the
other communicators?
c. relationship with other people?
d. roles and responsibilities as a speaker?
e. delivery and the message itself?