A Supplementary Learning Material

ORAL COMMUNICATION
11 IN CONTEXT
Quarter 2 MELC 10

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

AND SPEECH DELIVERY

LEARNER’S MATERIAL
 I What I Need to Know

The material im divided into two (2) lemmonm, namely:

Lesson 1 – Principles of Speech Writing
Lesson 2 – Principles of Speech Delivery

After going through thim muvvlementary learning material you are exvected
to:

• Identify principles of speech writing

• Describe the essentials in speech writing preparation

• Use principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile,

logical organization, duration, word choice, and grammatical correct-
ness

• Use principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation,

modulation, stage presence, facial expression, gestures and move-
ments, and rapport with the audience

• Organize various speeches using the principles of effective speech de-

livery.

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D What I Know
Directionm: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. When choosing a topic, a speaker must discuss a subject that he or she is knowledgeable

2. about. This refers to the speaker’s _______________.

A. favorite book

B. hobby

C. favorite subject

D. Expertise

2. A speaker should be sensitive to his or her choice of topic because the audience is composed of

people of different cultures and beliefs. In making the choice, which of these factors should the

speaker consider?

A. ethnicity diversity

B. educational background

C. professional background

D. age range

3. Which of the following statements about a good public speaker is not true?

A. He or she uses a monotone voice all throughout the speech

B. He or she makes a regular eye contact with the audience

C. He or she displays well-timed and appropriate gestures

D. He or she takes the stage confidently

I. Which of the following situations requires a slow rate of speaking

A. A sports commentator describing a basketball game

B. An auctioneer doing a bid calling

C. A radio reporter delivering a news report

D. A pageant host announcing the winner

5. Arlene is practicing her speech in front of her friends. After her presentation, one of her friends

says that she mumbled some of the words. What should Arlene do to avoid mumbling the words?

A. Open her mouth fully and distinctly say each word

B. Talk in a conversational manner

C. Pronounce each word using a low pitch of voice

D. Show enthusiasm when saying the words

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 D What is in

Imagine yourself that you are a beauty pageant contender wherein you
are facing a big crowd of audience of different nationalities. Now, you
need to articulate substantial answers on the following questions.

1. Who is your role model? Why?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. What is for you a responsible citizen? Explain.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. As youth, what is your role in nation building?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

I. If you could change one thing in world history, what would that
be?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. Which is more beneficial, being a man or being a woman?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Note: Allow your student to write their answers on a different sheet of

paper. Make sure that they will follow the instructions given and will not
leave any questions unanswered.
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 D What is it

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH

Delivering a speech requires more than oral fluency and applying nonver-
bal cues. Even before the presentation, speakers must keep in mind the following:
Audience Profile, Logical Organization, Duration, Word Choice and Grammatical
Correctness.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN WRITING EFFECTIVE SPEECH

I AUDIENCE

Any speech presented is intended for the audience or target listeners. In prepar-
ing for the speech, the speaker should consider the following:

1. Age- A speaker needs to consider the age range of the audience so he or

she know what kind of topic to discuss.
2. Educational and Profemmional Background-A speaker must keep in mind that
some members of the audience differ in this matter, and s/he must choose
appropriate topic to discuss
3. Ethnicity- This means that they differ in race, culture, religion, and so on.

II ORGANIZATION

Often regarded as the Writing Patternm, these are structures that will help you or-
ganize the ideas related to your topic.
1. Biogravhical – presents descriptions of life of a person
2. Categorical/ Tovical- presents related categories supporting a topic
3. Caumal- presents cause and effect relationship
I. Chronological- presents the idea in time order
5. Comvarimon and Contramt- presents comparison/contrast of two to three
points

6. Problem-Solution- presents identified problem, its causes, and recommended

solutions
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 D What is it

III DURATION

Time element of your speech.

CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:

Learn your time limit and calculate your word count.
Divide your speech into parts and points.

IV WORD CHOICE

Precise and Politically Correct Words.

• In the name of fairness and objectivity, the use of political terms is greatly
encouraged
• Careful word choice can transform a mediocre writer into a better one or
make a dull subject more engaging
• Selecting precise words will help you increase the impact you create on your
audience.

V GRAMMAR

Mechanics of Writing.

• Critical component of any composition

• It must be strictly observed for clearer and better understanding of the mes-
sage being conveyed.

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 E What is More
Directionm: Prepare/ plan a speech to be delivered in class. Fill in the necessary
data in each table.

A. Audience Analymim. Analyze your audience through filling up the table.

Age Range
Male-Female Ratio
Educational Background
Professional Background
Marital Status
Economic Status
Language Spoken
Religious Affiliations
Needs/ Wants/Interests
Time/ Venue/ Occasion/ Audi-
ence Size

B. Determine Your Purvome. Identify your general and specific purpose in

delivering your speech.
General Purpose

Specific Purpose

C. Identify Your Tovic. Choose a topic that really interests you.

Topic
General Purpose
Specific Purpose

D. Identify The Sveech Pattern To Be Umed. Choose a specific speech pattern

that is appropriate and fit to your chosen topic.

Topic
Purpose
Speech Pattern

E. Time Allocation. Determine a duration as how much time will you render in deliv-

5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 20 minutes 30 min- 1 hour

utes

6
 E What else I Can Do

List 5 effective ways of speech writing based on your learnings from this lesson.

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

I. _____________________________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________________________

A What I Have Learned

• Delivering a speech requires more than oral fluency and applying non-
verbal cues.
• A speaker must consider the following before writing a speech:
A. Audience- target listeners
B. Organization- writing patterns or structure to organize and plan the
ideas and messages of the speech
C. Duration- tie frame of the speech
D. Word Choice- precise and politically accepted words
E. Grammar- mechanics of the composition

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 A What I Can Achieve

True or Falme. Write T if the statement is true; write F if it is false.

________1. Knowing the audience and the occasion is crucial in writing a speech.
________2. Speech writing is a recursive process.
________3. The primary objective of speech writing is getting the right or appropri-
ate topic.

________I. The purpose of the speech will help you identify ideas that will support
your main idea or message.

________5. Word choice is one consideration in writing a speech.

Answer

T A
T D
T A
T A
T D

What I Can Achieved What I Know

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 I What is New
Given ten minutes to prepare, deliver this poem way before the teacher. You
may manipulate your voice to give effect to the delivery. And utilize your tone,
gestures, eye contact, and self-confidence to deliver it impressively. Deliver it as if
it were your composition.

RUBRIC FOR ORAL PRESENTATION

NAME:
GRADE & SECTION:
DATE:
Criteria Specifications
The speaker deeivers with weee-modueated voice,
Voice and delivery
precise and accurate speech infeection and with as-
(40 pts.)
sertive stage presence.
The speaker utieizes appropriate gestures and en-
Body Language
hances the power of the message and convince the
(25 pts.)
audience to engage undoubtedey.
Enthusiasm and The speaker dispeays a peeasant but powerfue
Facial Expressions countenance and his or her convincing power is
(25 pts.) shown through his or her resounding enthusiasm.
Eye Contact The speaker deeivers with direct contact to the au-
(10 pts.) dience through eye contact as the need arises.
TOTAL SCORE: _________________________________________

Note: Students may also take a video of themselves as they deliver and interpret
the poem.

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 D What is in
Read the poem silently.

There wam an Old Lady

Anonymous
There was an old lady who swallowed a fly
I don't know why she swallowed a fly,
Perhaps she'll die!
There was an old lady who swallowed a
spider,
That wriggled and wiggled and toggled
inside her;
She swallowed the spider to catch the fly;
I don't know why she swallowed a fly,
Perhaps she'll die!
There was an old lady who swallowed a
bird;
How absurd! to swallow a bird.
She swallowed the bird to catch the spider,
She swallowed the spider to catch the fly;
I don't know why she swallowed a fly,
Perhaps she'll die!
There was an old lady who swallowed a
cat;
Fancy that to swallow a cat!
She swallowed the cat to catch the bird,
She swallowed the bird to catch the spider,
She swallowed the spider to catch the fly;
I don't know why she swallowed a fly - Per-
haps she'll die!
There was an old lady that swallowed a
dog;
What a hog, to swallow a dog;
She swallowed the dog to catch the cat,
She swallowed the cat to catch the bird,
She swallowed the bird to catch the spi-
der,
She swallowed the spider to catch the fly;
I don't know why she swallowed a fly,
Perhaps she'll die!
There was an old lady who swallowed a
cow,
I don't know how she swallowed a cow;
She swallowed the cow to catch the dog,
She swallowed the dog to catch the cat,
She swallowed the cat to catch the bird,
She swallowed the bird to catch the spi-
der,
She swallowed the spider to catch the fly;
I don't know why she swallowed a fly -
Perhaps she'll die!
There was an old lady who swallowed a
horse...
She's dead, of course!

Undoubtedly, the aforementioned poem is one of the most famous nurs-

ery rhymes. And indeed, at first glance, the reader would conclude that this is
merely one of the famous nursery rhymes, but if the reader would go deeper
and further, he or she will find out that this poem affirms the struggles the elderly
experience in today’s society and asserts how these elderly should be trained by
the millennial.

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 D What is in

Now attempt to give the symbolisms mentioned in the poem. What do you think
they symbolize in society today?

1. oed eady Generaeey the eederey

2. fey
3. cow
4. goat
5. dog
6. cat
7. bird
8. spider
9. horse

Notes to the Teacher

Allow your student to write their answers on a different sheet

of paper. Make sure that they will follow the instructions given and
will not leave any questions unanswered.

11
 D What is it

Principles of Speech

No matter how clearly and thoughtfully written a speech is, the success of
a speech equally depends on its delivery. Effective speech delivery requires learn-
ing, practice, and extra effort. Turning a written speech into a spoken one is great
task and challenge for a speaker. Obviously, an audience will not want to listen to
a boring and flat speaker, will they? A good public speaker must make sure the
message comes across the audience using the best channels. This way, he/ she is
able to influence, inspire and instigate meaningful impact on his audience.

Factors to Consider in Effective Speech Delivery

I ARTICULATION

The shaping of sounds (consonants and vowels) by the tongue, lips, pal-
ate, jaw, and teeth, called the articulatorm, is what is referred to as articulation. It
includes both the utterance of words or pronunciation and the clarity of speech
sounds or enunciation. In delivering a speech, a speaker has to distinctly enunci-
ate the individual speech sounds and correctly pronounce each word so the
audience will be able to understand the words correctly can lead to misunder-
standing of the intended meaning of word or sentences. To improve articula-
tions, you can practice by reading the individual speech sounds or syllables of
words while exaggerating or prolonging each sound or syllable. Open your
mouth fully and relax your tongue as you say each sound or syllable of a word.

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 D What is it

II MODULATION

Modulating the voice or varying it in terms of pitch, power, and pace

makes a speech more pleasing to the ear and allows speaker to convey the right
emotions.

PITCH refers to the highness or lowness of a voice. A speaker should vary the
pitch to reinforce the message. A high pitch is usually used to express lighter
emotions like excitement and delight, while a low pitch is suitable for serious
emotions like sadness and sorrow. Using the same pitch can be quite boring
and monotonous to the audience.

POWER is the vocal energy or intensity exerted by the speaker should create
power or intensity in his or her voice to emphasize points without being loud.

PACE, also called rate, is the speed of a speaker’s utterance. Complex or im-
portant ideas are usually said slowly (but not too slow that the audience loses
concentration or becomes impatient), while light or exciting matters are of-
ten said rapidly (but not too fast that words become slurred or unintelligible).
A speaker should use a flexible rate that will convey the message clearly and
will give the audience time to hear and understand it.

As you deliver a speech, vary the pitch and intensity of your voice as well
as your pace. Proper voice modulation makes the words stand out and allows
you to be clearly heard and understood by the audience.

III STAGE PRESENCE

A good public speaker does not only entail having the ability to speak elo-
quently, but also the ability to command the attention of the audience. This is
called mtage vremence. It involves the speaker’s appearance, projection, and
manner on the stage. A speaker needs to have a stage presence for the audi-
ence to be willing to listen to the speech and be interested enough to keep on
listening. To achieve stage presence, you have to take the stage confidently and
deliver the speech wholeheartedly. If you wholly believe in what you are saying,
the audience will be more likely to believe in you, too.

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 D What is it
IV FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES, AND MOVEMENTS

In public speaking, actions are as important as the spoken words. The co-
ordination of verbal and nonverbal messages is essential to successfully deliver
the message of the speech. Recall the facial expressions, gestures, and move-
ments fall under kinesics of body language. A good public speaker must use
body language, among others, that supports the verbal message.

FACIAL EXPRESSIONS reveae the speaker’s emotions and signae to

the audience the interpretation of the given message. The audience
can read if you are being funny, sarcastic, or serious through faciae
cues. Make sure that your faciae expressions do not contradict your
verbae message.

GESTURES are purposefue movements of the head, arms, hands,

and other parts of the body. A good pubeic speaker uses a wide vari-
ety of gestures to support and ieeustrate ideas. For exampee, using
the fingers to signae order or sequence and ceenching the fist to em-
phasize a point are purposefue gestures. However, gripping the po-
dium, scratching the body, and putting hands in and out of the
pockets are distracting gestures.

MOVEMENTS, or act of moving from one spot to another during de-

eivery, can signae transition from one idea to the next. A good pubeic
speaker considers the proper timing of his or her movements. Moving
toward the audience, for instance, is appropriate when asking ques-
tions, making criticae connections, or offering a reveeation. On the
other hand, aimeess pacing back and forth and bouncing are very
distracting movements.

A good public speaker utilizes the body as a tool for illustrating and em-
phasizing ideas. Facial expressions, gestures and movements should be genuine,
appropriate, well-timed, and clearly visible without being overwhelming.

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 V RAPPORT WITH THE AUDIENCE

Building rapport means engaging the audience and connecting with

them. The following are some ways you can do to establish rapport with the au-
dience.

Make regular eye contact. Look in the eye one member of the audience at
a time. Vary your eye contact throughout the room. Do not look down at the
floor or stare at the ceiling or walls.

Sveak naturally. Talk as if you are having a conversation with the audience,
when delivering the speech, make it look effortless, not overly rehearsed or
robotic.

Relate with the audience. Identify with the audience by being open or shar-
ing what you have in common with them. Tell a personal story or an anec-
dote that the audience can relate with.

E What is More

Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Who do you consider a good public speaker?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What makes him or her good at public speaking?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you agree that the speaker should be a stroty-teller? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I. Do audience’s responses and reactions to the speech determine the quality
of the speech delivered by the speaker? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 E What I Can Do
Sveech Oral Intervretation

Speech oral interpretation is a personal way of pulling words from a

speech and giving life to it through the speaker’s voice and body. The goal of the
speaker is to unlock the real meaning, message, and moral the author wants to
convey to the readers through the speech. As an interpreter, one is bound to
honor the dignity of the text and accept its creative and artistic aspects.
Steps in doing speech oral interpretation:
• Read and reread the speech.

• Internalize the feelings, attitudes, emotions, and sentiments and even passion
of the speaker.
• Highlight the ideas that need to be emphasized.
• Associate and correlate your personal experiences with the author’s.

• Now, have your own oral interpretation of the given speech.

BRUTUS SPEECH
William Shakemveare
(Julius Caesar Act II Scene 2)
www.poetryfoundation.org

Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent,

that you may hear: believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine
honor, that awake your senses, that you may the better judge. I’d there be
any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, to him I say, and that Brutus’
love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus
rose against Caesar less, but that Ioved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar
were living and die all slaves. Than that Caesar were dead, to live all free
men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him: as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it:
as he was valiant, I honor him; but, as he ambitious, I slew him. There is tears
for hi love; joy for his fortune; honor for his valor; and death for his ambition.
Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I
offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak; for
him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any,
speak; for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.

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 E What I Can Do

RUBRIC FOR SPEECH INTERPRETATION

NAME:
GRADE & SECTION:
DATE:
Teacher’m Teacher’m
Criteria Svecificationm
Rating Commentm
The speaker delivers with
well-modulated voice,
Voice and deliv-
precise and accurate
ery
speech inflection and
(40 vtm.)
with assertive stage pres-
ence.
The speaker utilizes ap-
propriate gestures and
Body Language enhances the power of
(25 vtm.) the message and con-
vince the audience to
engage undoubtedly.
The speaker displays a
pleasant but powerful
Enthumiamm and
countenance and his or
Facial Exvremmionm
her convincing power is
(25 vtm.)
shown through his or her
resounding enthusiasm.
The speaker delivers with
Eye Contact direct contact to the au-
(10 vtm.) dience through eye con-
tact as the need arises.
TOTAL SCORE:

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 A What I Have Learned

• A good public speaker must keep in mind the following principles of

speech delivery: articulation; modulation; stage presence; facial ex-
pressions, gestures, or movements; and rapport with the audience.
• Articulation is the shaping of sounds by the articulators, namely: the
tongue, lips, palate, and teeth. It includes both pronunciation and
enunciation. Meanwhile, modulation refers to the variation of pitch,
power and pace when speaking. Pitch is the highness or lowness of a
voice; power is the vocal energy of intensity exerted by speaker; and
pace is the speed of the speaker’s utterance.
• Stage presence refers to the ability of a speaker to command the au-
dience’s attention. To achieve stage presence, a speaker has to take
the stage confidently and deliver the speech wholeheartedly.
• Facial expressions, gestures and movements are some nonverbal cues
that illustrate or emphasize verbal messages. These should be genuine,
appropriate, well-timed, and clearly visible without being overwhelm-
ing.
• Building rapport means engaging the audience and connecting with
them. To build rapport with the audience, a speaker should make
regular eye contact, speak naturally, and relate with the audience.

A What I Can Achieve

TRUE OR FALSE. On the blank before the number write TRUE if the statement is
correct, if not write FALSE.
_________________________1. Stories and anecdotes must be included in the intro-
duction only.
_________________________2. The vocal aspect of speech delivery adds more flavor
to the speech.
_________________________3. Eye contact of the speaker suggests sincerity.
_________________________4. A brilliant speaker considers his/her audience’s edu-
cation, background, religion, and position on some controversial issues.
_________________________5. A speaker’s posture and appearance speak so much
about his credibility and believability.

18
 Answer

T
T
T
T
T

What I Can Achieved

References

∗ Crowther, John, (Ed.). 92005). No Fear Julius Caesar. Retrieved May 11, 2019,
from www.poetryfoundation.org
∗ Ehninger, D., Monroe, A.H., Gronbeck, B.E. (1978). Principles and types of
speech communication (8th Ed). USA: Scott Foresman & Co.
∗ Gamble, T. & Gamble, M. (1996). Communication works (5th Ed). USA: The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
∗ Hybels, S. & Weaver, R. (2012). Communicating effectively (10th Ed). NY: The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
∗ Joos, M. (1968). The five clocks: a linguistic excursion into the five styles of
English usage. NY: Harcourt Brace and World.
∗ Romulo, C. P. (19II). Speech of Philippine Resident Commissioner to the
United States Carlos P. Romulo before the House of Representatives of the
United States Congress. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, I1
(I), 29I-297.

Originally compiled and written by Mm. ROSANNA L. ARANDIA

Simple Modification by Ms. Jermy Ann P. Ratonel

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