Types of

Communicativ
e Strategy
Claire E. Ogue
“Communication
is your ticket to
success, if you
pay attention and
learn to do it
effectively.”
-Theo Gold

Types of Communicative Strategy 2

Conversation
is interactive
communication
between two or
more people, and
it is a significant
part of our
everyday life.

Types of Communicative Strategies 3

Speech Act
- is a tool in engaging to a
conversation.
- is an utterance that a
speaker makes to achieve
an intended effect
- it is how you express
yourself to communicate
your wants and needs, to
achieve a desired goal.

4
Types of Communicative Strategies
 Types of
SPEECH
ACT Communicative
Strategy
1. Nomination
- A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively
and productively establish a topic.
- You use this strategy to open a topic and start a
conversation. Nomination is usually employed at the
beginning of interaction to set the purpose of
conversation.
- You may start off with making inquiries, giving
compliment, asking for opinion, or offering help. This
could efficiently signal the beginning of a new topic in
the conversation.
Types of Communicative Strategies 6
Examples:
• “Have you heard about “the new normal”?
• “I saw your TikTok post on Facebook. It’s really
great.”
• “What can you say about our new plan for the
project? Do you think it will work?”
• You are the new student, right? Would you like
me to tour you around the campus?

Types of Communicative Strategies 7

Remember to avoid questions that are too
personal like asking about how much money
the person or his parents are earning. This
may make the person you are talking to
uncomfortable and may refuse to talk with
you. Topics like politics and religion should
also be avoided because these may cause
quarrel or disagreement.

Types of Communicative Strategies 8

2. Restriction
- Restriction in communication refers to any
limitation you may have as a speaker.
- It is a strategy used when responses need
to be within the set categories or
instructions. These instructions confine you
as a speaker and limit what you can say.

Types of Communicative Strategies 9

Examples:
• In your class, you might be asked by your
teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver
a speech on digital natives. In this case, you
cannot decide to talk about something else.
• You are invited to the police station to answer
some questions about what you know about the
accident.

Types of Communicative Strategies 10

3. Turn-taking
- It pertains to the process by which people decide
who takes the conversational floor.
- Turn-taking strategy allows all participants in
the conversation a chance to speak. You can use
this strategy to avoid taking over the whole
conversation.

Types of Communicative Strategies 11

Examples:
• You can employ this strategy by making your
response shorter yet informative enough to
express your ideas and feelings.
• Spoken cues such as “What do you think?” or
“You wanted to say something?” provide others
a chance to speak. Pausing is a nonverbal cue
that will do as well.

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Remember to listen to the other person
talking instead of just waiting for your turn
to talk. This way, you can have a meaningful
and productive conversation. Also, always
show politeness when you need to take the
conversational floor from the person
currently speaking.

Types of Communicative Strategies 13

4. Topic Control
- Topic control covers how procedural formality or
informality affects the development of topic in
conversations.
- This is a strategy used when there is a need to
control and prevent unnecessary interruptions and
topic shifts in a certain conversation.
- Using this strategy makes the conversation to stay
focused on the topic throughout the discussion and
keeps the development of the topic going by asking
questions.
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Examples:
• During a board meeting, the director manages the
communication and directs who may speak to
collectively develop the topic of conversation.
• In the senate session, the senate president presides
the meeting. Senators who wish to speak asks
permission to the senate president.
• Expressions like “Okay, so much for that… “Let's go
back to the topic.” and “Going back to what we are
talking about…” can be used to keep the conversation
within the topic when there is a sudden shift.
Types of Communicative Strategies 15
5. Topic Shifting
- Topic shifting involves moving from one topic
to another.
- This strategy is used to change the topic to a
new one which helps communication keep
going.

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Examples:
• You may use conversational transitions that
indicate a shift like “By the way...”, “Before I
forget...”, “Which reminds me of,” and the like.
• In a report presentation you may use
expressions like “Moving on to the next topic…”,
“Now, let’s talk about…”, “This time, let me tell
you about…” `

Types of Communicative Strategies 17

Remember that Topic shifting requires a good
timing. So, make sure that topic is
adequately discussed before changing it to
another one. There may be a need to shift
topic when there’s a pause in conversation,
minimal response like nodding and smiling.

Types of Communicative Strategies 18

6. Repair
- Repair refers to how speakers address the problems
in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they
encounter in a conversation.
- Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social
interaction (Schegloff et. al, 1977). We can employ
this strategy whenever we encounter problems in
communication to prevent a breakdown.
- Repair may also include addressing physical and
physiological issues affecting communication.
Types of Communicative Strategies 19
Examples:
Speaker may use recasting or changing the
form of message to a more understandable
one using the following expressions:
• “What I mean is….”
• What I am trying to say is that…”

Types of Communicative Strategies 20

Examples:
The speaker may repeat his/her statements
using the following expressions:
• “Let me repeat myself.”
• “Again…”
• I would like to reiterate that…”

Types of Communicative Strategies 21

Examples:
Repair strategies also include requesting clarification or
making a clarifying question, request for repetition, and
request for definition, translation or explanation.
• I am sorry but what do you mean by “new normal?”
• “Does it mean that we do not need to come to school if
there are no face-to-face classes?
• “Can you please repeat the last part of the
instructions?”
• “Doc, can you please explain what a ferritin test is?”
• Could you please clarify your state?
Types of Communicative Strategies 22
7. Termination
- Termination refers to the conversation
participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a
topic in a conversation.
- This strategy is used to end an interaction or close
a topic. Most of the time, the topic initiator or the
person who opened the topic takes responsibility to
signal the end of the discussion as well.
- In other situation, you may end the topic by
sharing what you learned from the conversation.
Types of Communicative Strategies 23
Examples:
You may use the following expressions to end
a conversation:
• “It’s nice catching up with you. I must be
going.”
• Thanks for your time. See you around.
• Regards to your wife. See you soon.”

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 Activity
Time!

Types of Communicative Strategy 25

Directions: Select the most acceptable, polite and
meaningful response in each situation by choosing
the letter of the best answer.

Types of Communicative Strategy 26

Directions: Select the most acceptable, polite and
meaningful response in each situation by choosing
the letter of the best answer.

Types of Communicative Strategy 27

Directions: Select the most acceptable, polite and
meaningful response in each situation by choosing
the letter of the best answer.

Types of Communicative Strategy 28

Directions: Select the most acceptable, polite and
meaningful response in each situation by choosing
the letter of the best answer.

Types of Communicative Strategy 29

Directions: Select the most acceptable, polite and
meaningful response in each situation by choosing
the letter of the best answer.

Types of Communicative Strategy 30

 Concept
Map

Types of Communicative Strategy 31

Types of Communicative Strategy 32
 Do’s and
Don’ts

Types of Communicative Strategy 33

What are the Do’s and Don’ts in communication
according to communication strategies?

Types of Communicative Strategy 34

EXAMINATI
ON TIME!

Presentation Title 35
ASSIGNME
NT TIME!

Presentation Title 36
Talk to me!
1. Choose a partner.

2. Count 1 to 3 per pair.

3. Assume that you are in the situation given by

the teacher and complete the following
conversations using acceptable, polite and
meaningful various communicative strategies that
you learned.

4. Present it to the class next meeting.

Types of Communicative Strategy 37
 Thank you
for listening!
Claire E. Ogue
claire.estimada@deped.com.ph
0955933529