NUCLEAR NUCLEAR

CHEMISTRY CHEMIST
 USES OF
MAJOR ORIGIN RADIO ITS USE
TYPES in the nucleus ACTIVITY
in health &
as a source of
power & energy
of radioactivity
biological sciences
Every so often, a scientist
makes the kind of
discovery that changes
the future of the world in
some significant way.
 1896
At the time, Henri Becquerel was
engaged in the study of phosphorescent
materials. In his experiment he exposed
certain salts, among them uranium salt, to
sunlight for several hours, where upon
they phosphoresced. What he had
discovered was a type of radiation that
Henri Becquerel
French Physicist Marie Currie was to call radioactivity.
For this discovery, Becquerel shared the
1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre
and Marrie Currie.
 THREE KINDS OF RADIATION

α β γ
ALPHA BETA GAMMA
Each type of radiation behaves differently when passed between electrically charged plates. When a
radioactive material is placed in a lead container that has a small opening, the emitted radiation passes
through the opening and then between charged plates. One ray (β) is deflected towards the positive plate,
indicating that it consists of negativity charged particles. A second ray (α) is deflected towards the
negative plate, indicating that it consists of positively charged particles, and a third ray (γ) passes
between the charged plates without deflection, indicating that it has no charge.
 ALPHA
BETA
GAMMA
PARTICLES
PARTICLES
RAYS
isare
also
high-energy
called betaelectromagnetic
ray or beta radiation.
radiation
It isarising
a high-energy,
from the
are helium nuclei, a
radioactive
helium
high-speed
decay of
atom without
electron.
atomic nuclei.
electron.
 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
What is
Electromagnetic
is the range of all types of electromagnetic
radiation showing their frequencies and
Radiation?
wavelengths.
What is wavelength?
It is a measure of distance
between two identical peaks
CREST (high points) or TROUGHS
(low points) in a wave.
It is the distance of one full cycle
of the oscillation.
Wavelength = Speed of Light /
Frequency
λ=c/v
What is frequency?
It describes the number
of repetitions/cycles per
unit time.
Frequency = Speed of
Light / Wavelength
v=c/λ
Any electromagnetic wave's frequency multiplied by
its wavelength equals the speed of light.

Frequency (f) × Wavelength (λ)= Speed of light(c)

v×λ=c
-Higher the frequency, shorter will be the
wavelength.
-Lower the frequency, longer will be the wavelength.
Electron Volt (eV) – is a non-SI energy unit
used frequently in nuclear chemistry.

The higher the frequency, the higher the

energy.

Electromagnetic radiation comes in packets.

The smallest units are called protons.
Gamma rays- electromagnetic radiation of
very high frequency.

X-rays- a kind of radiation

- have higher energies than visible light but

less than that of some gamma rays
 materials that emit
radiation are called

RADIOACTIVE
RADIOACTIVE
Radioactivity comes from the
X-rays are not considered
nucleus, and not from the
electron cloud surrounding the
to be a form of
nucleus. radioactivity.
THANK
YOU!