QA/QC Department

I. Training Objectives
II. Terms & Definitions
III. Codes & Standards/Specifications
Required for Inspections
IV. QC Tools Required for Inspections
V. Welding Inspections General Requirements
VI. Documents Required for Inspections (i.e.
RFI, DFIR, DWIR, QCIR, etc.)

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To define the requirements and stages
for weld visual inspections to be
performed by Quality Personnel and
FOG Direct Supervision.
To have knowledge on the guidelines
and proper documentation for visual
inspections of weldments during
fabrication and construction.

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A joining process that produces coalescence of
materials by heating them to the welding
temperature, with or without the application of
pressure or by the application of pressure alone,
and with or without the use of filler metal.

An assembly whose component parts are joined by

welding.
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One who performs manual or semiautomatic welding.

A device design for measuring the shape and size of welds.

A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or

accumulated effect render a part or product unable to
meet minimum applicable acceptance standard or
specifications. The term designates rejectability.

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A document providing the required welding variables for a
specific application to assure repeatability by properly
trained Welders and Welding Operators.

A material used to hinder or prevent the formation of oxide

and other undesirable substances in molten metal and on
solid metal surfaces, and to dissolve or otherwise facilitate
of the removal of such substances.

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Protective gas used to prevent or reduce atmospheric
contamination.

The temperature of the base metal in the volume

surrounding the point of welding immediately before
welding is started. In a multipass weld, it is also the
temperature immediately before the second and
subsequent passes are started.

A grouping of basic operational elements used in brazing,

thermal cutting, thermal spraying or welding.
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The metal particles expelled during fusion welding that do
not form a part of the weld.

The discontinuity resulting from an arc, consisting of any

localized remelted metal, heat affected metal, or change in
the surface profile of any metal object.

An interruption of the typical structure of a material, such

as lack of homogeneity in its mechanical, metallurgical, or
physical characteristics. A discontinuity is not necessarily a
defect.
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A type of discontinuity separation or weakness generally
aligned parallel to the work surface of a metal.

A discontinuity, attributed to the presence of hydrogen in

the weld, observed on the fracture surface of a weld in
steel that consists of a small pore or inclusion surrounded
by an approximately round, bright area.

An undesirable discontinuity.

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A discontinuity consisting of slag entrapped in weld metal
or at the weld interface.

A nonmetallic product resulting from the mutual from

disolution of flux and nonmetallic impurities in some
brazing and welding processes.

A groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the weld

toe or weld root and left unfilled by weld metal.

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The protrusion of weld metal beyond the weld toe or weld
root.

A groove weld condition in which the weld face or root

surface is below the adjacent surface of the base metal.

A weld discontinuity in which fusion did not occur between

weld metal and fusion faces or adjoining weld beads.

A fracture type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip

and high ration of length and width opening displacement.
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AWS D1.1 – Structural Welding Code - Steel
AWS A2.4 – Symbols for Welding, Brazing & NDE
AWS A3.0 – Standard Welding Terms & Definitions
AWS – Jefferson’s Welding Encyclopedia
ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 – Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
ASME Sect. IX – Qualification Standards for Welding &
Brazing Procedures, Welders, Brazers, and
Welding and Brazing Operators
ASME B31.1 – American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(Power Piping)
ASME B31.3 – American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(Process Piping)
API 1104 – Welding of Pipelines & Related Facilities
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 HI-LO GAUGE

INSPECTION MIRROR

TORPEDO LEVEL

FLASH LIGHT GAP GAUGE

WELDING GAUGE

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 COVERS VISUAL
INSPECTIONS OF ALL
WELDMENTS DURING
FABRICATION AND/OR
CONSTRUCTION STAGE.

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Visual examination shall be performed before, during or after
operations involving fabrications, testing of weldments, parent
metal, heat affected zone and/or the weld metal.
Lighting shall be sufficient to properly inspect or examine
affected areas or surfaces.

Quality Control Personnel conducting visual inspection shall be

qualified as welding inspector as per ARCC’s certification given
by ARCC’s Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) which had been
certified under AWS QC 1, Standard for AWS Certification of
Welding Inspectors.

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Physical Condition of Materials or Items
Surfaces of materials shall be free from defects, deleterious
substances or other imperfections which could affect the
quality of a weld. Edges of materials to be welded shall be free
from scale, slag, rust, moisture, grease, or other foreign
material that will impair good quality welding.
Edges of materials cut either by shearing or flame cutting and
that have laps, loose slags, serious gouging shall be removed
or corrected before welding.
Surface of base materials shall be checked for possible
manufacturing or handling defects. Quality Control Inspectors
shall inform right away their supervisor.
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Fit-up Inspection
The following shall be checked in conformance to
approved welding procedure specification (WPS),
drawing and/or applicable code:
Alignment
Root face or root landing
Root opening
Qualified welder with welder ID
Proper Inspection Tools
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Checking the details of the work in compliance to
welding procedure specification such as:
Welding process (WPS)
Correct welding rods, voltage, amperage, travel speed
Portable drier are in keeping temperature & in good
working condition.
Flux and shielding gas
Preheat and interpass temperature
Welding machine condition with updated calibration
sticker (max. 6mos. certification period)
Grinder with consumable

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Checks dimensional accuracy of the weldments.
Checks acceptability of welds with regard to its
profile appearance.
Joint No., Welder ID No., Inspection Signature, Date of
Weld, etc. on the nearest surface of the pipe joint.
Checks conformity to drawing requirements and
applicable standards.

Weld acceptance shall be in accordance with the

required specifications, applicable codes and/or
standards.
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Inspection results shall be evaluated in line with the
required specification for the basis of weld
acceptance or rejection.
Unacceptable defects shall be marked for repair.

Records on inspection such as Daily Welding

Inspection Report (DWIR), see Attachment I, and
others shall be kept, maintained, filed and be made
available for surveillance of ARCC’s Quality Assurance
Audit Team or Customers Representative.

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WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)
WELDER’S PERRFORMANCE QUALIFICATION RECORDS
(WPQR)
METHOD STATEMENTS / INSPECTION AND TEST PLAN
CODES AND STANDARDS
DAILY WELDING INSPECTION REPORT
ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

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QUALITY IS A LINE FUNCTION DO IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME