ART

APPRECIATION
Ms. JORIZZA J. OMANDAM, JD
CHAPTER 1. The Study of
Humanities
 CHAPTER 1. The Study of
Humanities
Humanities generally refers to art,
literature, music, architecture, dance,
and theatre.
This are the areas that emphasized
individual expressiveness.
Humanities are the records of man’s
experiences, values, sentiments, ideals
and goals.
It is the ultimately man’s feelings and
thoughts.
 Arts: Their Nature and
Meaning
Art is the expression or application of human creative
skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as
painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated
primarily for their beauty or emotional power.
Art involves personal experiences accompanied by an
intense emotion. It is an expression of an artist’s
personal thoughts and feelings.
An artist’s art depends on who, what are his influences:
social, economic, political. Cultural, geographic, scientific
and technological environment.
Appreciating a work of art implies an intellectual
involvement.
To appreciate does not mean to respond to it
emotionally, but one has to understand what it is all
about.
 Arts: Their Nature and
Meaning
Arts or Craft
Sometimes, the word “art” is used as an
opposite to the word “craft”.
The difference is not that really important
because useful things can be beautiful if they
are well-made.
 Importance of the Arts
Arts have a significance in our lives. They are a
part of our daily lives.
The interest and appreciation in beauty.
It is a powerful medium in mass
communication (moral, educational, social,
cultural and religious purpose).
It afford a moment of relaxation.
It ignites our imagination.
It is an outlet of our passion and feelings.
It is a powerful tool to reform a man.
 The Importance of Beauty in
Human Life
Man strives for perfection. Man has a natural tendency
to contemplate and enjoy perfect and beautiful things.
Our minds are attuned to beautiful objects and dislike
disorder.
The importance of aesthetic enjoyment are it produces
astonishing effect on man, such as:
It lower our drives;
It affords relaxation;
It rescues us on our boredom;
It inspires us spiritually and mentally;
It releases us from anxiety, tension, worries and
fatigue.
Barrio Fiesta by Fernando
Amorsolo
 Ways of Presenting the
Subject
Realism. When objects are depicted in
the way they would normally appear in
nature. Arts that bring us closer to
nature itself is referred to as naturalistic.
 Realism
Monalisa. Leonardo da Girl with Pearl Earring.
Vici Vermerr
Realism
 Ways of Presenting the
Subject
Abstraction. An art that does not attempt
to represent external reality, but seeks to
achieve its effect using shapes, forms,
colors, and textures.
 Abstraction
Starry Night. Vincent Van The Weeping Woman. Pablo
Gogh Picasso
 Ways of Presenting the
Subject
Distortion. It is a technique used
by the artist to dramatize the
shape of a figure to create an
emotional effect.
 Distortion
The Scream. Edvard
Munch Persistence of Memory. Salvador Dali
 Sources of Art Subjects
The artist has the freedom to choose the subject.
This is depending on how he feels and thinks at
the moment or at the environment he lives.
 The Function of Art
Music and Its Function.
Music is the art of combining and
regulating sound of varying pitch to
produce compositions expressive of
various ideas and emotions.
One important function of music is
that it has a way of expressing our
emotions.
 The Function of Art
Art and Its Social Function.
It tends to influence the
collective behavior of people for
cause.
 The Function of Art
Art and Its Physical Functions.
Arts are primarily made to
perform certain functions to make
our lives comfortable.
 The Function of Art
Sculpture and Its Function.
Sculpture is the art of craving,
molding, welding or producing works
of art in three dimension.
One of its function is to
commemorate.
ARTS: MEDIUM AND
TECHNIQUE
Chapter 2
 Definition of Medium
The word medium, denotes the means
by which an artist communicates his
idea.
 Definition of Medium
The arts are primarily classified as visual and
auditory.
Visual or space arts are those whose mediums can
be seen and which occupy space.
Auditory or time arts are those mediums that can
be heard and which expressed in time.
Mediums of Visual Arts
Watercolor
One of the most
difficult medium to
handle because it is
difficult to produce
warm and rich tones.
Fresco
This is a painting on
moist plaster surface
with colors ground in
water or a limewater
mixture.
Tempera
Tempera paints are
mineral pigments
mixed with egg yolk
or egg white and
ore.
Pastel
This isa stick of
dried paste of
pigments ground
with chalk and
compounded with
gum water.
Encaustic
Early mediums
used by Egyptians
for the painted
portrait on mummy
case.
Oil
One of the most
expensive art
activities today.
In oil painting,
pigments are mixed
with linseed oil and
applied to the
canvas.
Acrylic
This is used
popularly by
contemporary
painters because of
the transparency
and quick drying
characteristics of
water color and the
flexibility of oil
combined.
Mosaic
Mosaic art is a
picture or decoration
made of small pieces
of inland colored
stones or glass
called “tesserae”,
which most often are
cut in into squares
glued on surface
with plaster or
cement.
Stained Glass
This is common in
Gothic Cathedrals
and churches. This is
made by combining
many small pieces of
colored glass which
are held together by
bands of lead.
Tapestry
This is a fabric
consisting of warp
upon which colored
threads are woven by
hand to produce a
design, often
pictorial and for wall
hangings and
furniture covering.
Drawing
Usually done in
paper, using pencil,
pen and ink, or
charcoal. It is the
most fundamental
of all skills
necessary in the
arts.
Bistre
Bistre is brown
pigment extracted
from the soot of
wood, and often
used in pen and
wash drawings.
Crayons
Crayons are pigment
bound by wax and
compressed into
painted sticks used
for drawing
especially among
children in the
elementary grades.
Silverpoint
The artist has
technique of
drawing with a
silver stylus on
specially prepared
paper to produce a
thin grayish line
that was popular
during Renaissance
peroid.
Printmaking
A print is anything
printed on a s surface
that is a direct result
from duplicating
process.
Woodcut
This is made from
piece of wood.
Example: Letters of
type writer.
Engraving
The art of forming a
design by cutting,
corrosion by acids.
Intaglio
It is a printing
process in which
the design or the
text is engraved
into the surface of
the place and the
ink is transferred to
paper from the
groover.
Stencil
It is a process
which involves the
cutting of the
design on special
paper cardboard or
metal sheet in such
a way that when
ink is rubbed over
it, the design is
reproduced on the
surface.
Mediums of Sculpture
Stone
It is a hard
substance formed
from mineral and
earth material.
Granite
It is a granular
igneous rock
composed of
feldopars and
quartz, usually
combined with
other mineral and
is quite difficult to
chisel.
Marble
It is a limestone in
a more or less
csrystalline state
and is capable of
taking a high
polish, occurring in
many varieties.
Jade
It usual color is
green and used
widely in China. It
is highly esteemed
as an ornamental
stone for craving
and fashioning
jewelry.
Ivory
It came from the
tusk of the
elephant.
Metal
Includes gold,
silver or copper all
of which are
crystalline when
solid.
Clay
It is a natural
earthy material
that has the nature
of plasticity when
wet, consisting
essentially of
hydrated silicates
of aluminum used
for making bricks
and ceramics.
Glass
It is medium that is
hard, brittle, non
crystalline, more or
less transparent
substance
produced by fusion.
Wood
Perhaps the most
easy to carve than
any other medium
available because
it can be intricately
carved and
subjected into a
variety of
treatment not
possible with stone.
MEDIUM OF MUSIC
Medium of Music
Stringed Instrument.
 Stringed Instrument
The violin is the smallest of the stringed instrument and
has a highest pitch. The cello has longer, thicker and
heavier string. The viola and violin are played by tucking
the instrument under the chin.
The double bass is the longest of the string instrument
and has the lowest pitch. The distinguishing feature of
the string instruments is that the smaller the size, the
higher its pitch; the larger it is, the lower its pitch.
The harp is one of the oldest string instrument
consisting of triangular frame formed by a sound box, a
pillar and curved neck, and having strings that are
stretched between the sound box and the neck and are
plucked with fingers.
The guitar is an instrument with a long fretted neck, a
violin like body and has sic strings which are plucked
with the fingers.
Medium of Music
Woodwind Instrument
 Woodwind Instrument
The wind instruments consist of tubes usually made of
wood which have holes on the sides. When one or another
of these holes is opened or closed, air inside the tube is
changed, thus producing tones of varied pitches. The keys
are set and arranged to suit the natural position of the
fingers of the musician while he plays the instrument.
The flute is a musical wind instrument consisting of a tube
with a series of finger holes or keys in which the wind is
directed against a sharp edge. The flute produces a
melodious sound, and so it often plays solo part in
orchestral composition in a concert.
The clarinet is a woodwind instrument in the form of
cylindrical tube with a single reed attached to its
mouthpiece. It has a wide range and usually plays the alto
part when the flute plays the melody.
 Woodwind Instrument
The piccolo is a small flute, sounding an octave
higher than the ordinary flute.
The oboe is a woodwind instrument having a
slender conical body and a double-reed
mouthpiece. The tone of the oboe is nasal.
The bassoon is a larger woodwind instrument of
low range with a doubled tube and a curved metal
crook to which a double reed is attached.
The saxophone is a musical wind instrument
consisting of conical, usually brass tube with keys
or valves and a mouthpiece with one reed. This
musical instrument is not regular member of the
orchestra.
MEDIUM OF MUSIC
Brass Instrument
 Brass Instrument
The brass instruments consist of cylindrical brass
tubes of varying length.
The trumpet is a brass instrument with a powerful,
penetrating tone, consisting of a tube commonly
curved once or twice around on itself and having a
cup-shaped mouthpiece at one end and bell at the
other. Because of its piercing tone when played, it is
associated with marital pomp.
The trombone is a musical wind instrument
consisting of a cylindrical metal tube expanding into
a bell and bent twice in U-shape, usually equipped
with a slide. The sliding U-shaped tube changes the
length of the vibrating column of air inside the tube
so the pitch of its tones are either raised or lowered.
 Brass Instrument
The tuba is the bass of the brass choir. It is also a
valued brass wind instrument having a low range.
Other brass instruments like the cornet and bugle
are played in military and outdoor bands.
Medium of Music
Keyboard Instrument
 Keyboard Instrument
The keyboard instruments include the piano, the
harpsichord, celesta, and the organ. The piano is the most
familiar keyboard instrument. It is a musical instrument in
which hammers, operated from keyboard, strike upon
metal strings. The piano is used to accompany solo or
choral singing. Because of its range, it is very
indispensable to musicians in studying their scores.
The harpsichord is also a keyboard instrument, precursor
of the piano, in which the strings are plucked by leather or
quill points.
The celesta is another keyboard instrument consisting
principally of a set of graduated steel plates struck with
hammers. The range of this musical instrument is only
one-half that of a piano, but it produces a celestial or
heavenly sound
 Keyboard Instrument
The organ is a wind musical instrument consisting
of one or more sets of pipes sounded by means of
compressed air, played by one or more keyboards
and capable of producing a wide range of musical
effects. Modern organs today, have no pipes or
reeds at all; they produce sounds electronically.
Medium of Music
Percussion Instrument
 Percussion Instrument
The word percussion simply means the striking of one
body against another with some sharpness. The
striking or tapping or scratching of the instrument with
the hand generates some excitement and enlivens the
orchestral sound.
The chimes is a musical instrument consisting of a set
slabs of metal which produce musical tone when
struck.
The glokenspiel is a musical instrument composed of a
set of graduated steel bars mounted in a frame and
struck with hammers and used especially in bands.
The cymbal is a concave plate of brass or bronze that
produce a sharp, ringing sound when struck; played
either in pairs, by being struck together, or simply by
being struck by a drumstick.
 Percussion Instrument
The xylophone is a musical instrument consisting of
a graduated series of wooden bars, usually sounded
by striking with small wooden hammers. The
marimba is a type of xylophone which originated
from Africa. It is associated with lively exotic dance
music.
Kettledrum is a drum consisting of a hallow
hemisphere of brass or copper over which is
stretched a skin.
The percussion instruments can produce tones
different and definite pitches.