Overview of Human Genome Project

Wong CT, Lim CJ, Leong KZ | Tan HY | TARUC

How HGP changed our life?
 Biological and Technical
 Pharmaceutical
Biology & Techology

• Facilitate study on human

• Discover the usage of RNA

• Development of high-throughput technologies

• Facilitate development of tools

Medicine

• Provide data for analysis

• Understanding of sequence variation & specific phenotype

• Improvement on overall healthcare

• Battle against cancer

Variables

Controlled Independent Dependent

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Hypothesis
Materials

Materials (detailed list) Quantity (be specific)

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Procedure

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Data/Observations
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Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
data from your experiments
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Conclusion

• Brief summary of what you discovered based on results

• Indicate and explain whether or not the data supports your hypothesis
Works Cited

• Include print and electronic sources in alphabetical order

Ethical, legal and social issues

• Ethical issues are generally defined as those raising questions concerning

what is moral or right. Legal issues are those concerning the protections that
laws or regulations should provide. Social issues are concerned with how
events may affect society as a whole and individuals in society.
1.The Existence of Genetic Information

• Fairness in the use of genetic information

Who should have access to personal genetic information, and how will it be used?

• Privacy and confidentiality of genetic information.

Who owns and controls genetic information?

• Psychological impact and stigmatization due to an individual's genetic

differences.
Genetic analysis might reveal a myriad of genetic flaws that may or may not lead to disease,
depending on what they are and how they interact with the environment.
2.Genetic Treatment of Disease

• Clinical issues including the education of doctors and other health service
providers, patients, and the general public in genetic capabilities, scientific
limitations, and social risks; and implementation of standards and quality-
control measures in testing procedures.

• Uncertainties- link to multiple genes and gene-environment interactions.

(eg, heart disease)

• Health and environmental issues concerning genetically modified foods (GM)

and microbes. (environmental factors)
3.Discrimination

• Unable to obtain a job, a family, insurance, or health care and stigmatized by

the rest of society.
CONCLUSION

• The Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) Research Program form in
1990
• To anticipate and address the implications for individuals and society of mapping and
sequencing the human genome.

• To examine the ethical, legal and social consequences of mapping and sequencing the human
genome.

• To stimulate public discussion of the issues.

• To develop policy options that would assure that the information be used to benefit individuals
and society.