KS3 Chemistry

Solids, Liquids and

Gases

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 Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Diffusion

Summary activities

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 Different substances
What are the names of the substances described in this table?
(The first letters spell out another word for ‘substance’.)
Liquid metal Mercury
Solid used in aircraft Aluminium
Solid used to coat steel cans Tin
Intoxicating liquid Ethanol
Radioactive solid Radium
Solid that rusts Iron
Unreactive gas Argon
Solid used by Roman plumbers Lead

WhatAluminium
different types Lead Ethanol
of materials are there?Radium
Argon Mercury Iron Tin
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 Three states of matter
At room temperature most substances exist in one of three
physical states.

solid liquid gas

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 Solid, liquid or gas?

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 Solid, liquid or gas?

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 Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Diffusion

Summary activities

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 The particle model
The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be
explained by the…

 All substances are made up of particles.

 The particles are attracted to each other. Some particles
are attracted strongly to each other and others weakly.
 The particles move around. They are described as
having kinetic energy.
 The kinetic energy of the particles increases with
temperature.

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 Particles in a solid – animation

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 Particles in a liquid – animation

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 Particles in a gas – animation

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 Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Diffusion

Summary activities

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 Properties of solids, liquids and gases

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 Which state of matter am I?

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 Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Diffusion

Summary activities

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 How do smells spread out?
Where is the smell coming from and how does it spread out?

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 What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of
particles that allows them to spread
out and mix with other particles.
For example, the smell of aftershave
or perfume diffuses and is detected by
people on the other side of the room.

Use the particle model to explain these facts about diffusion:

 Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases but hardly at all in
solids.
 Diffusion happens more quickly for gases than for liquids.
 Diffusion happens more quickly at warm temperatures
than at cooler temperatures.

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 Diffusion animation 1

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 Diffusion animation 2

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 Diffusion experiment
In this experiment, two gases diffuse towards each other in
a sealed glass tube.

cotton wool soaked gases cotton wool soaked

in ammonia meet in concentrated
solution here hydrochloric acid
When the gases meet, they react to form a ring of ammonium
chloride which is closer to one end of the tube than the other.
Which gas particles diffuse faster, ammonia or acid, and why?
By the time the gases meet, the ammonia particles
have travelled further down the tube so they must
have diffused at a faster speed.

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 Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Diffusion

Summary activities

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 Glossary
diffusion – Particles spreading out and mixing in the gas
or liquid state.
gas – The state of matter in which particles move quickly
in all directions and rarely touch each other.
liquid – The state of matter in which particles are
randomly arranged and touch each other.
matter – The stuff that everything is made of.
particle – The smallest unit of matter.
pressure – The force produced when particles move
against a surface.
solid – The state of matter in which particles are in a fixed
arrangement and touch each other.

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 Anagrams

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 Crossword
Across: 1

2. Change from liquid to solid 2 3

4
5. Force caused by collisions of
particles 5

6. Arranged in a 3-dimensional
pattern 6

9. Spacing of particles in solids

and liquids 7 8

10. All substances are this state at 9

very low temperatures 10

11. Only liquids and gases do this 11

Down:
1. Closely packed particles 6. Particles are close but disorganised
3. Change from gas to liquid 7. Particles widely spread out
4. Change from solid to liquid 8. Change from liquid to gas

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 Multiple-choice quiz

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