PURPOSIVE

COMMUNICATION
 MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
O Aristotle’s Model of Communication
O Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek
philosopher and writer born in Stagira,
Northern Greece. He was also the teacher of
Alexander the Great. He studied physics,
logic, mathematics, etc.
Characteristics of Aristotle’s
Model
O It is a linear model of communication for oral communication.
O This is considered as the first model of communication and
was proposed before 300 B.C.
O It is also the most widely accepted among all communication
models.
O Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech.
O The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered
model as the speaker has the most important role in it and is
the only one active. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech
to the audience.
O The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the speech.
This makes the communication process one way, from speaker
to receiver.
O The speaker must organize the speech beforehand, according
to the target audience and situation (occasion).
Criticisms of Aristotle’s Model
of Communication
O There is no concept of feedback, it is one
way from speaker to audience.
O There is no concept of communication
failure like noise and barriers.
O This model can only be used in public
speaking.
Shannon and Weaver’s Model
Elements of Shannon and
Weaver
O The original model was designed to mirror the
functioning of radio and telephone technologies.
O The initial model consisted of three primary parts:
sender, channel, and receiver.
O The sender was the part of a telephone a person
spoke into,
O The channel was the telephone itself,
O And the receiver was the part of the phone where one
could hear the other person.
O Shannon and Weaver also recognized that the
process of communication could be interfered by the
noise. The noise could also mean the absence of
signal.
O Social scientists Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
structured this model based on the following
elements:
O An information source, which produces a message.
O A transmitter, which encodes the message into
signals.
O A channel, to which signals are adapted for
transmission.
O A receiver, which 'decodes' (reconstructs) the
message from the signal.
O A destination, where the message arrives.
 SMCR Model by Berlo
O David Berlo. The Sender-Message-Channel-
Receiver Model of communication
separated the model into clear parts and
has been expanded upon by other scholars.
Osgood-Schramm Model of
Communication
O The Osgood-Schramm Model of
Communication is a circular, rather than
linear, way of messaging.
O Communication is a two-way street, with a
sender and a receiver.
O Later, Wilbur Schramm, adapted the model and
added the notion of field of experience, or
commonality, to the mix.
O Field of experience incorporates what is mutually
understood between the sender and receiver.
O For his part, Schramm is considered one of the
pioneers of the mass communications field.
 Components of Osgood-
Schramm
O Sender: This is the person who encodes (converts) and sends
the message.
O Message: This is the content being shared between the
parties.
O Receiver: This is the person who decodes (interprets) the
message.
O Semantic barriers: The backgrounds, beliefs, experiences,
and values that influence how the sender conveys a message,
and how the receiver interprets it.

O In the Osgood-Schramm model, messages travel back and

forth between the sender and the receiver. In this way, the
sender can deliver one message, and then become the
receiver, getting a message.