The Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication is a mathematical theory of

communication that argues that human communication can be broken down into 6 key
concepts: sender, encoder, channel, noise, decoder, and receiver. It is best known for
its ability to explain how messages can be mixed up and misinterpreted in the process
between sending and receiving the message.
Shannon, in his famous article titled “A Mathematical Theory of Communication”
where he outlined the theory, explained what the goal of his model was:

cenario- A assisstant calling the manager to inform a meeting time and noise,  like a
weak network of the phone may lead to breakage of the sound and the manager may
interpret wrong information in the phone call. The wrong decoding of the message
directly affects communication.

Elements of the Schramm model of communication include Encoder or Sender,

Decoder or Receiver, Interpreter, and message. This model states that communication
is a two-way highway, which means that information passes between the sender and
receiver.

One part of this model states that the message passes from the sender to the receiver,
but similarly, when the receiver sends a message back to the sender, then role reversal
takes place. The sender becomes the receiver and vice versa.

This model states that two elements are required to send a message that is the sender
and the receiver, and both of them have to encode and decode the message. This is
crucial for the effectiveness and correct interpretation of the message

S; This model is also known as the Osgood-Schramm model of communication.

Unlike other communication models, this model is a circular or cyclical model that
consists of all the essential elements of communication.

Schramm’s Model of Communication was proposed in 1954 and had its origins in the
Shannon-weaver model. Initially, it was proposed by Charles Osgood. He initially
proposed that communication is not a linear model but a circular model. This model
was later amended by W.Schramm, who mentioned it in his book.

This model takes a classic approach to explain the flow of communication. It suggests
that communication is a two-way path with the message continually passing between
the sender and receiver.

The basis for this model is that the message should be understood between the sender
and receiver. For example, an art professor will not be able to explain past participle
tense to a group of second standard students.

Elements of the Schramm model of communication include Encoder or Sender,

Decoder or Receiver, Interpreter, and message. This model states that communication
is a two-way highway, which means that information passes between the sender and
receiver.
One part of this model states that the message passes from the sender to the receiver,
but similarly, when the receiver sends a message back to the sender, then role reversal
takes place. The sender becomes the receiver and vice versa.

This model states that two elements are required to send a message that is the sender
and the receiver, and both of them have to encode and decode the message. This is
crucial for the effectiveness and correct interpretation of the message.

Usually, when information reaches the recipient, he aims to comprehend what the
sender is trying to convey. If the receiver cannot comprehend or decode the message
sent by the sender, then the entire process of communication is of no use.

Therefore decoding and encoding should be considered as two

e Helical Model of Communication, or Dance’s Helix Model, is a communication

model in which communication is explained by means of a helix. The Helical Model
of Communication is both linear and circular, and stands in contrast to exclusively
linear models, or models based on circularity, such as the Artistotle communication
model, or Berlo’s SBSW model.
The creator of the model, Frank Dance, emphasised the role of communication
problems. To this end, he used the shape of a helix. This shape describes the
communication process, and visualises communication as a spiral-shaped model. This
approach also strongly highlights the evolutionary aspect of the communication
model.
According to the Helical model of communication, the process of communication
evolves from the very birth of an individual and continues till the existing moment.
All living entities start communicating from the very first day of their origin.

S-When a child is born the only means of communication  is crying, he/she cries for
everything like hunger, pain, cold etc.. As the child grows the means of
communication become wider and broader. He learns to makes noises then he learns
language to obtain attention and to fulfil his needs. As a Helix the process of
communication in this case started from  crying and later it developed into a complex
and compound means.
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