COMMUNICATIO

N MODELS
COMMUNICATION MODELS
 Linear Communication Model
• Lasswell’s Model
• Aristotle’s Model
• Berlo’s SMCR Model

 Transactional Model
• Shannon & Weaver Model

 Interactive Model
• Schramm’s Model
• Dance-helical Model
A. LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• communication is considered
one way
process and transmitted through
• the message signal is encoded
presence
channel inof
• noise
the sender is more prominent in linear model of
communication.
mass
• applied incommunication like television, radio,
etc.
LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Different types of communication models

based on linear model of
communication are:
1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek

philosopher and writer born in Stagira,
Northern Greece. He was also the
teacher of Alexander the Great.
He studied physics, logic,
mathematics, etc.
1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• considered as the first model of communication and was
proposed before 300 B.C.
• most widely accepted among all communication models.
1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be broadly
divided
5 primary
intoelements:
Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Effec
and Audience t
• speaker centered model

• highly used todevelop public speaking skills and create a propaganda at that
time so, it is less focused on intrapersonal or interpersonal communication
• speaker must have a very good non-verbal communication with the audience
like eye contact
 ELEMENTS OF GOOD COMMUNICATOR

1. ETHOS
• Credibility of the speaker
• characteristic which makes you credible in front of the audience
2. PATHOS
• Emotional bond
• f what you say matters to them and they can connect with it, then they will be
more interested
3. LOGOS
• sense of reason
• You must present facts to the audience for them to believe in you
CRITICISMS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

There are few criticisms around this model. Some of

them are:
• There is no concept of feedback, it is one way from speaker
to audience.
• There is no concept of communication failure like noise and
barriers.
• This model can only be used in public speaking.
1. LASSWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Developed by communication Harold

theorist
D. Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948.
model of communication
Lasswell’s (also known
as action model or linear model or
one way model of communication) is
regarded as one the most influential
communication models.
COMPONENTS MEANING ANALYSIS

the communicator or
Wh Control
sender or source of
o Analysis
message
Says What the content of the Content
message Analysis
In Which
Channel the medium or media Media
Analysis
To Audience
the receiver of the
Whom Analysis
message or an audience
With What Effect
the feedback of the
Effect Analysis
CRITICISMS OF LASSWELL’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

There are few criticisms around this model. Some of

them are:
• does not include feedback and it ignores the possibility of noise
• very linear and does not consider barriers in the communication process
• more focused on the resulting outcome and generally used for media persuasion
1. BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
In David postulated Sende
1960, Berlo
Message-Channel- r-
Berlo’s (SMCR) model
R eceiver
communication fromof Shannon
Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949).
He described factors affecting the
individual components in the
communication making the communication
more efficient.
1. BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before sender sends

the message and before receiver receives the message respectively

• Berlo’s Model has mainly, four components to describe the

communication process. They are sender, message, channel and
receiver. Each of the component is affected by many factors.
CRITICISMS OF BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

There are few criticisms around this model. Some of

them are:
• There is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not considered.
• There is no concept of noise or any kind of barriers in communication process.
• It is a linear model of communication, there is no two way communication.
• Both of the people must be similar according to all the factors mentioned above.
B. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• Transactional model of communication is the exchange of

messages between sender and receiver where each take turns to
send or receive messages.
• both sender and receiver are known as communicators
• The model is mostly used for interpersonal communication and is
also called circular model of communication.
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Different types of communication models

based on transactional model of
communication are:
SHANNON and WEAVER’S
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (INFORMATION THEORY)
Shannon Weaver model of communication was created
in
1948 whenClaude Elwood wrote an
article “A Shannon
Mathematical Theory of Communication” in Bell System
Technical Journal with Warren Weaver.

Shannon was an American mathematician whereas

Weaver was a scientist. The Mathematical theory later
came to be known as Shannon Weaver model of
communication or “mother of all models.”
CONCEPTS
•
IN SHANNON WEAVER MODEL
Sender (Information source) – Sender is the person who makes the message, chooses the channel and sends
the message.

• Encoder (Transmitter) –Encoder is the sender who uses machine, which converts message into signals or
binary data. It
might also directly refer to the machine.

• Channel – Channel is the medium used to send message.

• Decoder (Receiver) – Decoder is the machine used to convert signals or binary data into message or the
receiver who translates the message from signals.

• Receiver (Destination) –Receiver is the person who gets the message or the place where the message must
reach. The receiver provides feedback according to the message.

• Noise –Noise is the physical disturbances like environment, people, etc. which does not let the message get
to the receiver as what is sent.
ADVANTAGES OF BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

There are few advantages around this model. Some of

them are:
• Concept of noise helps in making the communication effective by removing the noise or
problem
causing noise.
• This model takes communication as a two way process. It makes the model
applicable in general communication.
B. INTERACTIVE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• also known convergence

as
model of ideas and messages taking place both
• deals with exchange
ways from
sender to receiver and vice-versa
• The communication process take place between humans or
machines in both verbal or non-verbal way
• This is a relatively new model of communication for new
technologies like web.
INTERACTIVE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Different types of communication models

based on interactive model of
communication are:
 OSGOOD-SCHRAMM’s MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• built on the theory that communication is a two-

way street, with a sender and a receiver
• Charles Egerton Osgood popularized the notion
that communication was circular rather than linear,
meaning that it required two participants taking turns
sending and receiving a message.
Field of incorporates what is mutually understood
experience
sender and receiver.between the a professor of calculus would have very
For example,
little luck communicating important math principles to a classroom of
kindergarten students, because they do not share a field of
experience that makes the message easy to understand.
It is a Circular Model, so that communication is something circular
in nature
Encoder – Who does encoding or Sends the message (message originates)

Decoder – Who receives the message

Interpreter – Person trying to understand (analyses, perceive) or interpret

Note: From the message starting to ending, there is an interpretation goes on. Based on this
interpretation only the message is received.
DANCE-HELICAL’s MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Frank proposed a communication model

Dance inspired
by a helix in 1967, known as Helical Model of
Communication. A helix is a three dimensional
spring like curve in the shape of a cylinder or a
cone.
Heli is compared with evolution of communication of a human since
x birthortoexisting moment. Helical model gives geometrical testimony
existence
of communication. The model is linear as well as circular combined and
disagrees the concept of linearity and circularity individually.
• Communication is taken as a dynamic process in helical model of
communication and it progresses with age as our experience and
vocabulary increases.
 REFERENCE:
https://www.businesstopia.net