KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK

NS. SUCI RATNA ESTRIA, M.KEP

Definisi
Komunikasi terapeutik adalah proses dimana perawat menggunakan
pendekatan terencana dalam mempelajari kliennya (Keltner, Schwecke, dan
Bostrom dalam Potter & Perry, 2005)

Komunikasi terapeutik adalah suatu interaksi interpersonal antara perawat

dan klien yang selama interkasi berlangsung perawat berfokus pada
kebutuhan klien untuk meningkatkan pertukaran informasi yang efektif
(Videback, 2008)
Prinsip Dasar Komunikasi
Terapeutik Menghargai
keunikan klien,
Hubungan menghargai
perawat-klien yg perbedaan
saling karakter,
menguntungkan memahami
perasaan &
perilaku klien
Menciptakan
Menjaga harga tumbuhnya
diri hubungan saling
percaya (trust)
Komponen Komunikasi
Terapeutik
Empati

Mendengar Kepercayaa
kan Aktif n

Keterbukaa
Kejujuran
n diri
Sikap Komunikasi Terapeutik
1. Use Open
Body
Language
Open body language
 1. Use Open Body Language
Your posture should be relaxed, but your back should be straight. This shows people
you are comfortable and confident. Pause when you speak to draw in the listener and show
confidence.
Keep your legs slightly apart, so you take up more space. This also demonstrates
confidence. Lean in slightly when a person is speaking to show interest (leaning away will
show a sense of hostility). 
Don’t cross your arms. Instead, let them dangle at your sides or press them together in
your lap. This shows you are open to other people.
Make sure your handshake is firm, but not too crushing. Look the other person in the
eyes, although you shouldn’t stare too much. Blink, and look away sometimes, so they don’t
feel you are trying to be intimidating.
Play with your tone of voice. The tone of voice is a way that people communicate
confidence. The key to success is projecting confidence.
2. Identify
emotional
body
language
2. Identify emotional body
language
When people are angry, their face flushes, they bare their teeth, they clench
their fists, and they invade body space, sometimes by leaning forward.

When people are nervous or anxious, their face pales, their mouth seems dry
(so they may drink water or lick their lips), they show varying speech tone,
and they have tension in their muscles (so they may clench their arms or
hands, and their elbows may be drawn into their sides.) Other signs of
nervousness include trembling lip, fidgeting, and gasping or holding breath
3. Avoid
blocking
3. Avoid blocking
Podiums, computers, chairs, and even a folder are all props that create
distance between a speaker and audience, preventing a sense of connection.

Crossing your arms or speaking to someone while sitting behind a computer

monitor are blocking behaviors.
4. Spot
when
someon
e is 
lying
4. Spot when someone is 
lying

Liars are less likely to maintain eye contact, and their pupils may appear
constricted.
Turning the body away from you is a sign of lying.
Complexion changes, such as redness in the neck or face, and perspiration,
are all signs of lying, as are vocal changes like clearing of the throat.
Be aware that some signs of lying – sweating, poor or no eye contact- are
also indications of nervousness or fear. 
5. Consider
Spacing
5. Consider Spacing
Intimate distance. Defined as touching another person to 45 centimeters. If
you enter a person’s intimate distance, this can be very unsettling for them
unless it’s welcomed or you’re already intimate.
Personal distance. 45 centimeters to 1.2 m. You are close enough to shake
hands and to see each other’s expressions and gestures.
Social distance. This is the normal distance in situations that are impersonal
or business transactions, defined as 1.2 m to 3.6 m. Speech should be louder,
and eye contact remains important.
Public distance. 3.7m to 4.5m. Examples of those who often operate in public
distance are teachers or those who talk to people in groups. Non-verbal
communication is critical but often exaggerated. Hand gestures and head
movements can be more important than facial expressions as the latter are
often not perceived.
6. Identify your
body language
pattern
Determine whether your body
language is in sync with your
message. Your body language is
effective if it communicates the
message you want it to 
communicate. Does your posture
communicate confidence, or does
it make you seem unsure of
yourself even though your words
express confidence?
If your non-verbal signals match
your words, you'll not only
communicate more clearly, you'll
also be perceived as 
being more charismatic
Use hand
gestures
when
speaking

More complex gestures

involving two hands
above the waist are
associated with
complex thinking.
Avoid gestures
that show
nervousness or
insecurity

Touching one's face signals 

anxiety. Improve your
posture. If you're constantly
hunched over or touching
your face, you'll never look 
confident, approachable or
at ease. 
Watch for
disengagem
ent

Heads tilted downward

and eyes gazing elsewhere
indicate disengagement.
Slumping in a chair is a
sign of disengagement.
Similarly, fiddling,
doodling, or writing, are
signs that a person is
disengaged
Avoid
defensiveness

Limited facial expressions and

small, close to the body
hand/arm gestures are
indications of defensiveness.
Turning the body away from the
other person or crossing your
arms in front of your body are
other indications of
defensiveness.
Use eye
contact
to send
message
s
Sikap Kehadiran secara Fisik
• Berhadapan dengan lawan bicara
• Sikap tubuh terbuka, kaki dan tangan terbuka (tidak
bersilangan)

• Menunduk/memposisikan tubuh kearah/lebih dekat

dengan lawan bicara

• Pertahankan kontak mata, sejajar, dan natural

• Bersikap tenang
Hambatan dalam Komunikasi
Terapeutik
1. Perbedaan bahasa
2. Perbedaan Budaya
3. Gender
4. Status Kesehatan
5. Tingkat Perkembangan
6. Perbedaan pengetahuan
7. Jarak emosional
8. Emosi
9. Khayalan
TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK
DIAM

Memberikan kesempatan kepada klien mengungkapkan apa yang ada

dipikirannya sebelum menjawab pertanyaan dari perawat
Offering Self (Menawarkan Diri)

Perawat menyediakan diri tanpa respon bersyarat atau respon yang

diharapkan
Broad Opening

Menstimulasi klien mengungkapkan perasaan yang sesungguhnya

Reflection

Teknik mengulang ide, perasaan, pernyataan dan pertanyaan yang diajukan

klien

Ex:
Klien : “Menurut anda, apakah saya harus memberitahu dokter?”
Perawat : “Apakah anda berpikir harus memberitahunya…?”
Restating (Pengulangan)
Mengulang pikiran atau ide utama yang dinyatakan oleh klien

Ex
Klien: “Saya tidak bisa tidur. Saya terjaga sepanjang malam.”
Perawat: “Anda sangat sulit untuk tidur”
Konfrontasi

Respon perawat terhadap ketidaksesuaian antara perkataan klien dengan

sikapnya
Verbalizing the Implied

Mendeteksi arti sebenarnya dari pesan verbal

Observasi
Klarifikasi

Teknik dg menanyakan kepada klien apa yang tidak dimengerti perawat

terhadap situasi yang ada, atau menjelaskan kembali ide atau pikiran klien
yang tidak jelas atau meminta klien untuk menjelasakan arti dari
ungkapannya

“saya tidak yakin dengan apa yang anda katakana tadi, bisakah anda
mengulanginya kembali?”
Exploring

Eksplorasi perasaan
Eksplorasi pikiran
Eksplorasi pengalaman
Giving Recognition
Memberi penghargaan
- Menyebut nama
- Reinforcement
Focusing
Tahapan Komunikasi Terapeutik

Praintera
Orientasi Kerja Terminasi
ksi