BASIC

COUNSELIN
G SKILLS
A. ARTICULATION SKILLS

■NON-VERBAL
Communication
- Facial expressions, body
posture, and physical
movement
- They can communicate
interest, concern,
boredom, worry, rejection.
- ATTENDING SKILLS
 A. ARTICULATION SKILLS

■ VERBAL Communication
- Leads and responses can be
used to communicate
interest, concern, emphatic
understanding, unconditional
positive regard, and non-
judgmental attitude.
- INFLUENCING SKILLS
 Some important leads and
responses by Lucian (1975)
LEADS/ RESPONSES BASIC CONCEPT EXAMPLES

ACCEPTANCE This can be nonverbal, to “Uh-huh”, “I see”

show that one is with the
client.
RESTATEMENT This is an exact repetition of “You want to…”
important client statements.

CLARIFICATION It can be a paraphrase, too. “This is what I hear you

saying… am I right?

SUMMARIZATION This is summary of “So far, these are things you

discussions. have said..”

GENERAL LEADS This is an invitation to say “Would you like to explain

more. that further?”
Some important leads and
responses by Lucian (1975)
LEADS/ BASIC CONCEPT EXAMPLES
RESPONSES
REASSURANCE This is confined to “So far you are doing
thoughts/ acts that are well”
safe.
INTERPRETATION This is similar to “You feel… because..”
emphatic communication.
SUPPOSITION This is light suggestion “Supposing you did…
with consequences what do you think
explored. would happen?”
FACILITATION This is information-giving “The course of action
to explain what you are thinking of
something means or requires…”
 Some important leads and
responses by Lucian (1975)
LEADS/ BASIC CONCEPT EXAMPLES
RESPONSES
INTERPELLATION This is to establish the “How often does this
frequency, intensity and occur?”, “What is the
duration of the problem. extent to which it
affects…?”, “How long
has this problem
occurred“?”
REJECTION This is a rejection of a “What are you saying
claim made, based on seems to be
tangible evidences. unsupported by
this…”
 George and Cristiani (1995) identified
hindrances to effective communication:

a. giving advice
b. offering solutions
c. moralizing and preaching
d. analyzing and diagnosing
e. judging or criticizing
f. over praising and agreeing;
excessive and uncalled giving of positive evaluation
g. too much reassuring
 Effective
communication
skills can provide
people with
confidence to relate
to other people and
situations.
B. LISTENING SKILLS

■ACTIVE LISTENING is an
essential element of an
effective communication
process.
Communication becomes ineffective when
the following occur:
■Not paying attention what the
other person is saying
■Waiting for an opportunity to
focus on an issue being
discussed
■Selective listening
■Interrupting and finishing the
other person’s statement,
changing it for their own purpose
C. OBSERVATION SKILLS
- It is listening with the eyes.
- Words can lie but the body does not.
- Color changes, tightening of the
muscles, breathing patterns, quivering
of the lips, tics, changes in facial
expression.
- They can point to EMOTIONS – anger,
sadness, fear, shame.
- Posture, gesticulations, and the
frequency with which the client shifts
position may point to tension,
boredom or restlessness.
D. QUESTIONING OR
• Asking questions, helps the
PROBING client to give focused
attention to specific issues
and explore his or her
situation in depth.
• It helps the clients to focus on
a feeling, situation, or
behavior that is troubling
them and that they may not
be paying attention to.
• Probing may encourage the
client to elaborate, clarify, or
E. REFLECTION OF FEELINGS
• It helps the client to get in touch
with the core emotion that the client
may not be fully aware of or may not
have engaged with as it maybe too
painful or difficult to deal with at
one’s own level.
• When the counselor brings this to
the client’s notice, they take it on
board and may start to explore it
further and work on it.