Submitted by: Michael Ryan A.

Mempin
Submitted to: Engr. Nelson Pasamonte
FILMS
3 Blind Mice Productions
Presents
Power Plant Terms
and
Factors
Electric Power System
- has two major functions

A) Generation
B) Transportation

Power Sources:
a) Coal
b) Fossil fuel
c) Nuclear
d) Hydro
Electric Power System
Transportation of electricity is
broken into 2 systems:
• Transmission
• Distribution

Distribution System consists of:

• Substation
• Feeder
• Transformer
Energy flow through a typical substation
Distribution Main Feeder
Typical Distribution Pad-mounted residential
Transformer Distribution Transformer
 Power Plant Terms:

1) Connected Load
- is the sum of the continuous
ratings of the load consuming
apparatus connected to the
system, or part of the system,
under consideration.
 Power Plant Terms:

2) Demand Factor
-is the ratio of the maximum
demand of a system or part of a
system, to the connected load of
the system, under consideration.
 
Demand Factor = maximum
demand/load
connected load
 Typical Demand Factors
Type of consumer:
Residence Lighting
Commercial Lighting
General Power Services
Factor:
1/4 kW…………………….. 1.00
1/2 kW…………………….. 0.60
Over 1 kW………………… 0.50
Restaurant………………… 0.70
Stores and Offices……….. 0.70
Theaters…………………… 0.60
Small industry…………….. 0.60
Schools, churches……….. 0.55
Hotels……………………… 0.50
7.5 kW…………………….. 0.75
7.5 - 15 kW……………….. 0.65
15 kW - 75 kW……………. 0.55
Over 75 kW……………….. 0.50

* Based from the book " Power Plant Engineering" by Morse

 Power Plant Terms:

3) Load Factor
-is the ratio of the average load
over a designated period of time
to the peak load occurring in
that period.

Load Factor = average load

peak load ad
 Power Plant Terms:

4) Peak Load
-is the maximum load consumed
or produced by a unit or group
of units in a stated period of time.

a. Off-peak
b. On-peak energy
 Power Plant Terms:
5) Diversity Factor
- is the ratio of the individual
maximum demands of the
various subdivisions of a system,
or part of the system, to the
maximum demand of the whole
system, or part , under
consideration.
Group Diversity Factor = sum of the individual maximum demand
maximum simultaneous demand
 Typical Diversity Factors
Residence Commercial General
Lighting Lighting Power Services

Between consumers 3 to 4 1.5 1.5

Between transformers 1.3 1.3 1.3
Between feeders 1.2 1.2 1.2
Between substations 1.1 1.1 1.1

* Based on the book " Power Plant Engineering " by Morse

 Power Plant Terms:
6) Capacity Factor
-is the ratio of the actual energy
produced to the maximum
possible energy that might have
been produced during the same
period.

Capacity Factor = actual energy output

Maximum possible energy
 Power Plant Terms:
7) Utilization Factor
-is the ratio of the maximum
demand of a system, or part of
the system, to the rated capacity
of the system, or part of the
system under consideration.
 
Utilization Factor = peak load
rated capacity
 Power Plant Terms:
8) Operation Factor
- is the ratio of the duration of
the actual service of a machine
or equipment to the total
duration of the period of time
considered.

Operation Factor = no. of hours of actual service

Total hours of duration
 Power Plant Terms:
9) Output or Use Factor
-is the ratio of the actual energy
output, in the period of time
considered, to the energy output
which would have occurred if the
equipment had been operating at
its full rating throughout its
actual hours of service during
the period.
Use Factor = actual energy output
(plant capacity x no. of hours)
 Power Plant Terms:

10) Load Curve

-a curve of power versus time
showing the value of specific
load, for each unit of the period
covered.
 LOAD CURVE (sum m er day)

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13
KW x 1000

12

11

10

Time
Residential Area Commercial Area Industrial Area S.L. and Public Area Combined
 Power Plant Terms:

11) Load Duration Curve

-a curve showing the total time
within a specific period, during
which load equaled or exceed
the power values.
End of Presentation
References:
1. “ Power Plant Engineering “
by Frederick T. Morse
2. “ Power Station Engineering and Economy “
by Skrotzki and Vopat
3. “ Power Plant Theory and Design “
by Philip J. Potter