Programme Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Communication)

Assessment E-POCKET

Course Code DEP40082: INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION

Title Measurement

Class DEP5A

Lecturer PUAN AKMARYA SYUKHAIRILNISAH BT. MOHD AKHIR

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

Sasitharen A/L Sangkar 08DEP17F2010
DEE10013:MEASUREMENT DEVICES.

CHAPTER TITLE
1 MEASUREMENT AND ERROR
2 DC AND AC METERS
3 OSCILLOSCOPE AND SIGNAL GENERATOR
4 DC BRIDGES
5 POWER METERS
 CHAPTER 1
MEASUREMENT AND
ERROR

1.1) Understand
measurement

1.2) understand
error in
measurement

1.3) understand
the standards
used in
measurement
 Process of determining
1.1.1) Define the amount, degree or
capacity by comparison
measurement with accepted
standards.

1.1.2) Illustrate Measuring system can

be described in general
measurement with the block
process diagram.

1.1.3)elements of
measurement system
1.1.2) BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE FUNCTIONAL
ELEMENTS FOR AN INSTRUMENT
1.1.3) elements
of measurement
system

a. Primary sensing b. Variable c. Data presentation element

element manipulation element

Quantity under
Converts the output of
measurement makes it first Information about quantity
primary sensing element
contact with primary under measurement.
into suitable form.
sensing element.
 1.2) Understand
error in
measurement

Define error: Type of errors Characteristics of

Process of comparing measurement.
unknown quantity with
an accepted standard
quality. a. Accuracy
a. Gross error
b. Precision
b. Systematic error
c. Resolution
Formula:
Formula: c. Random error
d. Significant figure
d. Absolute error
e. Relative error
 1.3) Understand standards used in
measurement

a)
b) Primary c) Secondary d) Working
International
standards standards standards
standards
Principal tools of
measurement laboratory.
Defined by international
agreement. Basic reference standards Used to check and
Maintained by national
used in industrial calibrate general
Periodically evaluated and standard laboratories.
measurement laboratories. laboratory instruments for
checked.
accuracy and
performance.

Main function is the

Maintained by the
verification and
particular involved
calibration of secondary
industry.
standards.
RELATED FORMULAS
Question 1

Solution:
 2.1) Basic
principle of
analogue
meter

2.2) Dc

Chapter voltmeter

2
DC
2.5) Analogue meter 2.3) DC
Multimeter ammeter

2.4)
Ohmmeter
 2.1) Basic principle of analogue
meter.

A meter is any device built to PMMC- Permanent magnet

accurately detect and display an moving coil, an instrument used
electrical quantity for DC measurement only.

Formula of Deflection Torque

PMMC
 DAMPING CURVE

a) Over damp- c) Critical damp-

• pointer move • Pointer stop at
slowly to final absolute value
value • Accurate and fast

b) Under damp
• pointer will oscillate in
long time
• Difficult to read value
accurately
Damping system in indicating instrument

ADVANTAGES:
1) More viscosity.
2) Oil also can be used
3) Reducing frictional errors.

DISADVANTAGES:
1) Can only be used for vertically
positioned instruments
2) Instruments not clean, if oil leakage.
 2.2) DC To measure the potential
VOLTMETER difference between 2 points in
a DC circuit.

Formula: Loading effect in DC voltmeter

Sensitivity of voltmeter.
1) Low sensitivity give an accurate
reading.
2) Voltmeter is always connected
across two points between 2
potential difference.
3) Voltmeter connected across low
resistance, voltmeter resistance is
high.
4) Voltmeter connected across high
resistance, device almost equally
divide through two paths.
5) Thus, low sensitivity instrument
used In high resistance circuit gives
lower reading.
 
DERIVATION:
DERIVATION
I= Total current 2.3) DC ammeter
I= Im+Ish
Ish Rsh= Im Rm
Rsh=
Ish=I-Im
Rsh=
Rsh=, m=
m== 1+
 Instrument used to measure
2.4) OHMMETER measure resistance and check
the continuity of electrical
circuit and components.
 MULTIMETER

SAFETY PRECAUTION: CALIBRATE:

• Never apply power to the
circuit.
• Connect multimeter in
series with circuit.
• Prevent meter overloading.
• Verify circuit polarity.
Question 1

Solution:
 3.1)
Introduction
to
oscilloscope

3.2)
3.5) signal
generator CHAPTER 3: functions of
oscilloscope
OSCILLOSCOPE
AND SIGNAL
GENERAOR

3.4)
3.3)
application
oscilloscope
of
probes
oscilloscope
 INTRODUCTION TO OSCILLOSCOPE

DEFINITION FUNCTIONS CLASSIFICATION

= Allows Measure Measure

amplitude Measur time and phase Digital-
of electric e frequency differential Analogue- works with
signals. voltage . between 2 works discrete
. waveforms with binary
. continuou numbers
s variable representin
voltage. g voltage
samples.
 OSCILLOSCOPE BLOCK
DIAGRAM

ANALOGUE OSCILLOSCOPE
DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE
3.2) BASIC CONTROL FUNCTIONS OF
OSCILLOSCOPE.
• 1- is the Power On/Off Button
• 2-  Power Indicator which lights when the oscilloscope is on. 
• 3- trace rotation (TR) control. This sets the inclination of a flat signal
• 4- Intensity of the trace. Turning this up increases the brightness of the trace, and
turning it down makes it dimmer.
• 5-  focus control 
• 6-  calibration point. This gives a steady square wave at a set frequency and voltage
• 7- controls the position of the trace.
• 8-  inverts the relevant channel.
• 9- vertical scale control
• 10- variable height control
• 11- AC/DC toggle
• 12-  GND toggle
• 13-  Channel 1 signal input
• 14-  Channel 2 signal input
 3.3)Understand oscilloscope probes

More than a cable with a clip on

tip. High-quality connector
designed not to pick up power
line noise
3.4) APPLICATION OF OSCILLOSCOPE
1) Turn on oscilloscope

2) Adjust position knob

3) Connect oscilloscope probe to channel 1

4) Set to AC volts

5) Find CAL connector

6) Attach oscilloscope probe to CAL connector

Calculations:
3.5) SIGNAL GENERATOR

Test device which generates an

Type of signal generators alternating voltage.

Function generators
• Video signal
generator
• Pitch generator
• Arbitry waveform 1) Produce different
generators(AWG) waveform
2) Common output
waveform
3) Frequency can be
adjusted
Question 3

Solution:
 4.1)
concept
of bridge
circuit.

CHAPTER 4: DC
BRIDGE
4.1) Concept of bridge circuit
4.2) Principle of DC bridge

Simplest form
consist of four
resistors.

Now according to the Wheatstone bridge principle if the

ratio of the two resistances (R1/R2) on one edge is equal
to the ratio of the two resistances (R3/Rx) on another
edge then there will be no flow of current between the
midpoints of the two edges of resistance.

2 types:
Basic schematic diagram of
1) Wheatstone bridge
bridge circuit
2) Kevin bridge
Wheatstone bridge:
5.4) clamp 5.1)
meter introduction

CHAPTER 5:
POWER
METERS
5.3) KWH 5.2) analogue
meter wattmeter
5.1) introduction

• A power meter is a device fitted to a bike that measures the

power output of the rider. Most commonly, power meters use
strain gauges that deflect slightly when a force is applied. By
measuring this torque and combining it with angular velocity,
power (measured in watts) can be calculated.
 Power meter

5.2) Analogue Refers to electricity meter,

wattmeter optical power meter, wattmeter. 5.4) CLAMP METER
- To measure electric Measures current
power.
5.3) KWH METER In electrical and
Watt hour meter to electronic engineering,
measure energy. a current clamp or
current probe is an
electrical device with
jaws which open to
allow clamping around
an electrical conductor.
Reference
1) https://youtu.be/F_vLWkkOETI
2) https://youtu.be/-kkvqr1wSwA
3) https://youtu.be/u-jigaMJT10
4) https://youtu.be/KSylo01n5FY
5) https://youtu.be/s94suB5uLWw