Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Construction Equipments
Construction Equipments
N
EQUIPMENTS BY
K.R.SHANKAR M.E.,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EBET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
TRIPPUR DISTRICT
TAMUL NADU, INDIA – 638108
Email ID – krs.civil@ebet.edu.in
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Construction Equipments
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENTS
1. EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
2. HAULING EQUIPMENT
3. HOISTING EQUIPMENT
4. CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
9. DREDGING EQUIPMENT
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FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
USE OF EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE WITH THE ORGANIZATION
UNIFORMITY OF TYPE
SIZE OF EQUIPMENT
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
CLASSIFICATION:
EXCAVATING EQUIPMENT
EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
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FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF EARTH
MOVING EQUIPMENT
VOLUME OF MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED
2. BACK HOE
3. DRAG LINE
4. CLAM SHELL
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POWER
LONG-LASTING.
SHOVEL
EXCAVATE ALL TYPES OF EARTH EXCEPT HARD ROCK
TYPES:
WHEEL MOUNTED (HIGH SPEED - FIRM GROUND)
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POWER
OPERATION: SHOVEL
CABLE CONTROLLED & IT MAKES OUTWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.
APPLICATIONS:
CLOSE RANGE OF WORK.
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POWER
SHOVEL
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POWER
SHOVEL
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POWER
SHOVEL
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BACK
• HOE
ALSO TERMED AS HOE, BACK SHOVEL AND PULL SHOVEL.
BASIC PARTS:
* BOOM * JACK BOOM
APPLICATION:
• DIGGING BELOW MACHINE LEVEL LIKE TRENCHES, FOOTINGS, BASEMENTS.
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BACK
HOE
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BACK
HOE
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BACK
HOE
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DRAG
LINE
• The drag line is so name because of its prominent
operation of dragging the bucket against the material to
be dug.
• Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the
bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables.
• Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and
handling softer materials.
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DRAG
BASIC PARTS: LINE
* BOOM * HOIST CABLE
* DRAG CABLE * HOIST CHAIN
* DRAG CHAIN * BUCKET
APPLICATIONS:
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units.
DRAG
LINE
FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:
• TYPE OF MATERIAL
• DEPTH OF CUTTING
• SKILL OF OPERATOR
• ANGLE OF SWING
• JOB CONDITION
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DRAG
LINE
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DRAG
LINE
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CLAM
SHELL
• This is so named due to resemblance of its bucket
to a
clam which is like a shell-fish with hinged double shell.
• The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line,
hoist line, sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge.
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CLAM
Application:
SHELL
• Used for handling loose such as crushed
material
stone, sand, gravel, coal etc.
• Main feature is vertical lifting of material from
one
location to another.
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CLAM
SHELL
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CLAM
SHELL
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CLAM
SHELL
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COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES
OF EQUIPMENT
Power
S.No. Items of comparison Back hoe Drag line Clam shell
shovel
1
Excavation in hard soil
Good Good Not good Poor
or rock
Digs at or
Digs at or
Digs below Digs below below footing
6 Digging level above footing
footing footing level
level
level level
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uc
TYPES OF EXCAVATING AND EARTH
MOVING EQUIPMENT
1. MOTOR GRADERS
2. SCRAPERS
3. BULL DOZERS
4. TRACTORS
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MOTOR
GRADERS
o THEY MAY BE EITHER TOWED OR MOTORISED.
CONSTRUCTION:
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MOTOR
GRADERS
SPEED:
USES:
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MOTOR
GRADERS
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MOTOR
GRADERS
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SCRAPERS
COMPROMISE BETWEEN BEST LOADING AND BEST
HAULING MACHINES
TYPES:
BASIC PARTS:
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(TAIL
Construction GATE).
Equipments
SCRAPER
CAPACITY: S
•HEAPED CAPACITY OF THE BOWL.
OPERATION:
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SCRAPER
S
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SCRAPER
S
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SCRAPER
S
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SCRAPERS
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BULL
•
DOZERS
VERSATILE EQUIPMENT- ESSENTIALLY A HEAVY STEEL BLADE
MOUNTED ON THE FRONT OF TRACTOR.
- BLADES AT AN ANGLE
- CRAWLER MOUNTED
- HYDRAULIC CONTROL
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BULL
DOZERS
CONSTRUCTION:
APPLICATION:
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BULL
DOZERS
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BULL
DOZERS
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BULL
DOZERS
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TYPES OF BULL DOZERS
BLADE
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TYPES OF BULL DOZERS
BLADE
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TRACTOR
S
MULTI PURPOSE MACHINES MAINLY USED FOR PULLING AND
TYPES:
APPlCATIONS:
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HAULING
Construction Equipments & CONVEYING
CRAWLER
TRACTOR
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WHEEL
TRACTOR
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COMPARISON BETWEEN CRAWLER AND
WHEELED TRACTORS
CRAWLER TYPE WHEELED TYPE
3. Costly 3. Cheaper
4. Cost of operation and 4. Operational and maintenance cost
maintenance is high is less
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EARTH
COMPACTION
EQUIPMENTS
1. SMOOTH – WHEEL ROLLERS
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SMOOTH – WHEEL
ROLLERS:
PLAIN STEEL ROLLERS
NO DEEP COMPACTION
GRANULAR SOILS
SAND
GRAVEL
CRUSHED STONES
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SMOOTH WHEEL
ROLLER
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SMOOTH WHEEL
ROLLER
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SMOOTH WHEEL
ROLLER
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SHEEP – FOOT
ROLLERS
HOLLOW STEEL DRUM WITH PROJECTED FEET MOUNTED AT
100 TO 200 MMC/C
WEIGHT - 15 TONNES
SPEED - 25 KM/HR
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SHEEP – FOOT
ROLLERS
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SHEEP – FOOT
ROLLERS
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PNEUMATIC TYRED
ROLLERS
CONSISTS OF A BASE PLATFORM MOUNTED BETWEEN TWO
AXLES
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PNEUMATIC TYRED
ROLLER
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PILE DRIVING
• EQUIPMENT
PILE IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER DRIVEN INTO THE GROUND
FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFERRING SURFACE LOADS
GUIDE LEADERS
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ETC.,
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PILE DRIVEN
RIGS
• Pile Driving Rigs provide basic operation of lifting the pile,
etc.,
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SKID MOUNTED
RIGS
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SKID MOUNTED
RIGS
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CRANE MOUNTED
RIGS
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CRANE MOUNTED
RIGS
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FLOATING
RIGS
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GUIDING
LEADERS
• The leaders guide the pile and the hammer
during
the rigs.
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GUIDING
LEADERS
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GUIDING
LEADERS
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TYPES OF
HAMMERS
1. DROP HAMMER:
o No external source needed.
o Mechanism to lift the hammer
by a cable.
o Drop it by gravity only.
o Solid mass of Metal or Cast
Iron of weight – 1 to 4 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1.5 to 6 m
o No. of blows – 4 to 8 per min
o It is slow process but
efficient.
o Not in use now.
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2. SINGLE ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is lifted by
steam or compressed air.
o Drop it by gravity only.
o Weight – 2 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1 m
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3. DOUBLE ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is lifted &
lowered by steam or
compressed air.
o Weight – 500 kg
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4. DIFFERENTIAL ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is modified form of double acting
hammer.
o Weight – 2 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1 m
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5. DIESEL HAMMER:
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6. VIBRATORY HAMMER:
• Very effective in driving piles
through non cohesive granular
soils.
• Pile is driven by making
vibration.
• The vibration can be produced by
electrically / hydraulically.
• Penetration rates can approach
up to 20 m/min in moderately
dense granular soils.
• It can be used with another
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HAULING
EQUIPMENTS
HAULING IS DEFINED AS MOVEMENT OF MATREIALS FROM
EQUIPMENTS.
TYPES:
DUMP TRUCKS
DUMPERS
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DUMP
TYPES: TRUCKS
1. SIDE DUMP TRUCK
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SIDE DUMP
TRUCKS
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SIDE DUMP
TRUCKS
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BOTTOM DUMP
TRUCKS
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DUMPER
S
HIGH SPEED PNEUMATIC WHEELED TRUCKS WITH
REQUIRED.
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EQUIPMENTS
FOR MATERIAL
HANDLING &
ERECTION OF
STRUCTURES
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TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES OR
HOISTING EQUIPMENTS
VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
* Inexpensive device.
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BLOCK AND
TACKLE
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
2. WINCH
in to ships etc.,
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WINC
H
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
3. HOISTS
point to others.
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
4. ELEVATORS
used.
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
1. HAND TRUCKS
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HAND
TRUCKS
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
* Very Expensive.
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
to tractors.
rail.
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
4. SKIDS
up by lift trucks.
position to position.
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
4. PIPELINE
gaseous material.
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
COMBINATION DEVICES
1. CHUTE
vertical movements.
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Railway & Air terminals.
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CHUT
E
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
COMBINATION DEVICES
2. LIFT TRUCK
other.
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
COMBINATION DEVICES
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
COMBINATION DEVICES
4. CRANES
* USED IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, SHIPPING, INDUSTRIES
ETC.
CLASSIFICATION:
* DERRI
CK
CRANE
S.
* MOBIL
E
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CRANE
S.
DERRICK
CRANES
PARTS
:
* MAST * BOOM * BULL WHEEL.
TYPES:
OPERATION:
102
• STIFF LEG DERRICK CAN CARRY 7- 50 TONS.
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DERRICK
CRANES
USES:
• LOADING AND UNLOADING CARGOES AT PORTS.
• PLANT ERRECTION.
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DERRICK
CRANE
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DERRICK
CRANE
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MOBILE
CRANE
THEY ARE EITHER CRAWLER MOUNTED OR WHEEL MOUNTED.
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MOBILE
CRANE
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MOBILE
CRANE
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OVERHEAD OR GANTRY
CRANE
USED FOR HANDLING LOADS OVER A LONG RECTANGULAR
AREA.
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OVER HEAD
CRANE
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OVER HEAD
CRANE
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OVER HEAD
CRANE
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TRAVELLER
CRANE
THESE HAVE THEIR CRABS MOVING ON GIRDERS SUPPORTED
OVERHEAD CRANES.
FLOOR.
INDUSTRIES ETC.,
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TRAVELLER
CRANE
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TRAVELLER
CRANE
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TOWER
CRANE
IT HAS A TRUSS STRUCTURE WELDED FROM ANGLE BARS
AND CHANNELS.
STRUCTURES.
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TOWER
CRANE
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TOWER
CRANE
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
COMBINATION DEVICES
5. CONVEYORS
*TRANSMITTING MATERIALS OVER A STATIONARY STRUCTURE IN
CONTINOUS STREAM.
* ADVANTAGES:
* INCREASES OUTPUT
* CONTINUITY IN OPERATION
* TIME SAVING (NO WAITING PERIODS)
* TYPES:
* BELT CONVEYOR
* SCREW CONVEYOR
* BUCKET CONVEYOR
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BELT
* CONVEYOR
MOST POPULAR
120
* CONTROLLED DISCHARGE
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BELT
CONVEYOR
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BELT
CONVEYOR
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SCREW
CONVEYOR
* USED FOR HANDLING GRANULAR OR PULVARISED MATERIALS
* LOW COST
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SCREW
CONVEYOR
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BUCKET
CONVEYORS
* MATERIAL IS TRANSFERRED THROUGH A
SERIES OF BUCKETS.
OF CHAINS.
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BUCKET
CONVEYORS
126
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BUCKET
CONVEYORS
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TYPES OF HANDLING
DEVICES
AERIAL TRANSPORTATION
1. CABLEWAYS
* USED IN EXCAVATION WORK OF DAMS, QUARRIES,CONSTRUCTION
ETC.,
2. ROPEWAYS
128
* SEPARATE HANDLING AND SUPPORT RPOES.
Construction Equipments
CABLEWAYS &
ROPEWAYS
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CABLEWAYS &
ROPEWAYS
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CABLEWAYS &
ROPEWAYS
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BATCHING,
MIXING AND
PLACING OF
CONCRETE
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BATCHER
S
PROPORTIONATING THE INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE FOR A
PARTICULAR MIX.
TYPES:
1. MANUAL BATCHING
3. AUTOMATIC BATCHING
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CONCRETE
BATCHER
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CONCRETE
MIXERS
MIXING ALL THE INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE TO MAKE A MIX OF SPECIFIED
CONSISTENCY
FACTORS GOVERNING MIXING:
CORRECT SETTING OF MACHINE
DIRECTION OF IN - FLOW
TYPES:
DRUM TYPE MIXERS - TILTING & NON - TILTING
135
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CONCRETE
PLACERS
USUALLY DONE THROUGH BUCKETS CARRIED ON
RAIL
ROADS OR TRACKS.
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CONCRETE
PLACERS
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DREDGING
EQUIPMENT
S
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DREDGER
S
USED FOR EXCAVATION FROM RIVER BED, LAKE, SEA FOR
TYPES:
1. DIPPER DREDGER
2. BACK HOE DREDGER
3. BUCKET OR LADDER DREDGER
4. SUCTION DREDGER
5. GRAB DREDGER
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DIPPER
DREDGER
IT IS USUALY MOUNTED ON A FLOATING PLATFORM
DUMPING RANGE - 30 M
DEPTH - 15 M
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DIPPER
DREDGER
150
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DIPPER
DREDGER
151
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BACK HOE
DREDGER
IT IS USUALY MOUNTED ON A FLOATING PLATFORM
DEPTH - 18 M
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BACK HOE
DREDGER
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BACK HOE
DREDGER
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LADDER
DREDGER
IT IS EQUIPPED WITH BUCKET ELEVATOR MOUNTED ON A
BARGE.
GRAVEL.
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LADDER
DREDGER
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LADDER
DREDGER
157
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LADDER
DREDGER
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GRAB
DREDGER
IT IS EQUIPED WITH GRAB SUSPENDED BY A CABLE.
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GRAB
DREDGER
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GRAB
DREDGER
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SUCTION
DREDGER
SIMILAR IN OPERATION EXCEPT IT CONSISTS OF A PUMP
EXCAVATOR MOUNTED ON A BARGE WITH SUCTION LINE,
SUPPORTED ON A LADDER.
162
* 300 TO 11000 CU.M/HR OUTPUT CAPACITY & DEPTH –
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PLAIN SUCTION
DREDGER
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PLAIN SUCTION
DREDGER
164
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CUTTER SUCTION
DREDGER
165
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CUTTER SUCTION
DREDGER
166
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WHEEL SUCTION
DREDGER
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WHEEL SUCTION
DREDGER
168
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WHEEL SUCTION
DREDGER
169
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TRAILOR SUCTION
DREDGER
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TRAILOR SUCTION
DREDGER
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TRENCHER
S
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WHEEL
TRENCHERS
CONSISTS OF A PAIR OF CIRCULAR RIMS CONNECTED BY U
SHAPED BUCKETS OR CUTTERS.
SELF PROPELLED.
WIDTH - 12 M
DEPTH - 3M
OPERATION:
* CABLE DRIVE
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WHEEL
TRENCHERS
USES:
FOR LAYING
TELEPHONE CABLES
DRAINAGE
SEWERS
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WHEEL
TRENCHERS
175
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WHEEL
TRENCHERS
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LADDER TYPE
TRENCHERS
SIMILAR TO WHEEL TRENCHER EXCEPT BUCKETS ARE PROVIDED
ADVANTAGES:
3. CONTINUOUS PROCESS.
177
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LADDER TYPE
TRENCHERS
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LADDER TYPE
TRENCHERS
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TUNNELING
EQUIPMENTS
ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTS:
* PRECUSSION TYPE
* ROTATRY TYPE
1. JACK HAMMER:
* HANDY EQUIPMENT
* WEIGHT – 25 KG
* DEPTH - 2.5 M TO 3 M
2. DRIFTER:
* HEAVY ROCK DRILLERS
* WEIGHT – 45 TO 70 KG
* DEPTH - 9 M TO 12 M
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TUNNELING
EQUIPMENTS
ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTS:
3. TRUCK MOUNTED DRILL:
* TRUCK MOUNTED
* EASY MOBILITY
* DEPTH – 15 M
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TUNNELING
EQUIPMENTS
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE:
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REFERENCE
S
Purushothama Raj.P “Construction Techniques Equipment and
2015.
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