NETWORKING

FUNDAMENTALS
Module 1
Defining components of the network

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Defining components of the network (cont)

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Hierarchy structure

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Access Layer characteristics.

End station entry point to the network

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Distribution Layer characteristics

• Access layer Aggregation point

• Routes traffic
• Broadcast/Multicast domain.
• Media translation.
• Security.
• Possible point for remote access. ICND v2.0—1-6
Core Layer characteristics.

• Fast transport to enterprise service.

• No packet manipulation.
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Overview OSI MODEL

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Role of Application layers

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Role of Presentation layers

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Role of Session layers

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Role of data flow layers

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ENCAPSULATION &
DE-ENCAPSULATION

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SEGMENT

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PACKET

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FRAME

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BIT

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De-encapsulation

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FUNCTIONS OF
LOWER LAYERS

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Physical layer functions

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Physical layer: ETHERNET/802.3

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 HUB – operate at physical layer

1. All devices in the same collision

domain.
2. All devices in the same broadcast
domain.
3. Device share the same bandwidth.
4. CSMA/CD in use.
5. More stations mean more collision

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DATA LINK layer functions.

1. Physical source and destination addresses.

2. Higher layer protocol. (Service Access point) associated
with frame.
3. Network Topology.
4. Frame sequencing.
5. Flow control.
6. Connection-oriented or connectionless.
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DATA LINK layer functions (cont).

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DATA LINK layer functions(cont)

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Switch and Bridges operate of data link layer.

1. Each segment has its own collision domain.

2. All segments are in a same broadcast domain.

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Switch and Bridges operate of data link layer (c).

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Switch and Bridges operate of data link layer (c).

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Comparing Switching and Bridging.

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Switches and traffic

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Network layer functions.

1. Defines logical source and destination addresses associated

with a specific protocol
2. Defines paths through network.
3. Interconnects multiple data links.
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Network layer functions.(cont).

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Network layer functions.(cont).

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Network layer functions.(cont).

• Logical addressing allows for hierachical network.

• Configuration required.
• Uses configured information to identify paths to networks
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ROUTER: Operate at the Network layer
• Broadcast control.
• Multicast control.
• Optimal path
determination.
• Traffic management.
• Logiacl addressing.
• Connects to WAN services

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Using Routers to provide remote access

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Transport layer functions.

1. Distinguishes between upper layer applications.

2. Establishes end – to – end connectivity between
applications.
3. Defines flow control.
4. Provides reliable or unreliable service for date
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Reliable transport layer functions.

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LAN – Physical layer Implementations

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Positioning Ethernet in the CAMPUS

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Comparing Ethernet media requirements.

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UTP

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STRAIGHT - THROUGH

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CROSSOVER

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