Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Table of Contents
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Regulatory Control
The regulatory control performs control computation processing using analog process values
for process monitor and process control.
Terminals
Data
Processing
Units
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Structure of a Regulatory Control Block
Toolbar
Data Parameters
Faceplate
Trend Graphics
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Toolbar of Tuning View
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PID Function Block Detail - Basic
Scan period determines a
period for the periodic
execution of the function
block.
There are three types of scan
periods: basic scan, medium-
speed scan (*1) and high-
speed scan.
*1:The medium-speed scan
Basic Scan setting is available only for the
The basic scan is a standard scan period which is common to function KFCS2, KFCS, FFCS, LFCS2 or
blocks. LFCS.
The basic scan period is fixed to 1 second. This cannot be changed.
High-Speed Scan
The high-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control
that requires high-speed response. Select “50 ms ”, “100 ms” ,“200
ms” ,“250 ms” or “500 ms.”
“The default is “200 ms.”
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PID Function Block Detail - Basic
The input signal conversion is the function that converts the input signal read from the
input module or other function blocks into process variable (PV) or calculated input
value (RV) according to the signal type.
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PID Function Block Detail - Basic
• Direct action
The control action in which the manipulated output value (MV) increases as the
process variable (PV) increases, or decreases as the process variable decreases.
• Reverse action
The control action in which the manipulated output value (MV) decreases as the
process variable (PV) increases, or increases as the process variable decreases.
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PID Function Block Detail - Basic
PV MV PV MV
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PID Function Block Detail - Basic
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Measurement Tracking
(/Process Variable Tracking)
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Measurement Tracking
AUT
PID
40 39 50 40
DV = pv – sv ≈ 0 DV = pv – sv <> 0
mv = 0 or mv = constant. mv
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Initialization Manual
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Measurement Tracking
PID AUT-IMAN
PID
PID
Measure Tracking
M = Y/N
MAN = Y/N A-C = Y/N
AUT-CND or AUT-IMAN = N C-C = N M = Y/N
CAS-CND or CAS-IMAN = N
A-C = N
C-C = N
PID
M = Y/N
CAS-IMAN
A-C = Y/N PID
C-C = N
M = Y/N PID
A-C = Y/N
M = Y/N
C-C = Y/N A-C = N
C-C = N
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Bumpless Transfer (in-built)
Case 1 (with) Case 2 (without)
AUT
sv1
pv1
mv1 sv2 mv1 sv2
mv1
PID
sv2 55 55 55 55
PID mv1 sv2 mv1 sv2
CAS
AUT IMAN
sv1
50 50 55 44
pv1
mv1 mv1 back tracks sv2
PID
sv2
PID Difference
of 11
AUT
AUT sv1
pv1
mv1
50 50 55 55
PID
sv2
PID
CAS
No abrupt change in the Abrupt change in the
manipulated output value (MV). manipulated output value (MV).
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PID Function Block Detail – Tag
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PID Function Block Detail – Tag
When manipulating the important function blocks, other than the logged-on user, one more
user’s confirmation may be required.
In order to activate the double authentication for confirmation, [Double Authentication] setting on
the Function Block Detail Builder must be set to [Yes]. And the tag mark of the function block
must be set as [Important].
Any users, excluding the user of [Name1] and the default users (OFFUSER/ONUSER/ENGUSER)
can be act as the user of [Name2] for double authentication.
In the HIS Security Policy Settings,[Password Required for Confirmation] also needs to be
checked.
An upper window can be defined for each function block. The specified upper window can
be called up by clicking the graphic button or upper button .
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PID Function Block Detail – Tag
Help messages guide the user through monitoring the operation of the plant.
This is a help message that the user can freely define. The user can define help messages to
explain the function and operating procedure for user-defined windows or help messages to
explain the function block.
As for the user-definable help message, define the arbitrary message to the help message
number between HW0001 and HW9999 in the Help Message Builder.
The maximum size of one help message is 21 lines; each line can contain 70 single-byte
characters.
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PID Function Block Detail – Tag
The manipulated output value (MV) may be displayed in percentage (%) or real amount.
The real amount display is the same way as process variable (PV) and setpoint value
(SV) that reflects the amount in a specific engineering unit.
When displayed in percentage (%), the MV is converted into percentage and displayed
in %MV. The display may be defined on the Function Block Details Builder. When %
display is defined, the following parameters are displayed in percentage (%).
MV, OPHI, OPLO, MH, PMV
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PID Function Block Detail – Tag
This mark indicates that the function block displayed on the instrument faceplate
may be set to cascade mode. However, the definition may be set AUTO to let system
decide according to function block’s real connection.
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PID Function Block Detail – Tag
When the reverse scale display is specified, the low limit is displayed at the top of
the scale and the high limit at the bottom of the scale.
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PID Function Block Detail – Tag
In the standard display of a function block faceplate, the high limit displays at the top and
the low limit displays at the bottom. To designate the MV reverse-display may upside-down
the standard display
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PID Function Block Detail – Tag
This function displays two indexes in the manipulated output value (MV)
scale on the operation monitoring window of the operation and monitoring
function.
When the data status of input signal becomes invalid (BAD), the PV overshoot function
overshoots the process variable (PV), or upscales it to scale high-limit or downscales it to
scale low-limit.
The following table shows the relationship between the cause for invalidity (BAD) and
process variable (PV) when the PV overshoot is used
Table: Reason for Invalidity (BAD) and Overshoot Value
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
With the alarm processing level, the alarm priority level can be specified for each
function block or element.
There are 16 levels, 1 to 16, for alarm processing. The alarm priority and alarm colors of all
alarms occurred in a function block or an element are defined for each processing level.
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
The alarm priority defined for the first 4 levels of alarm processing are shown as
follows.
•Level1
All alarms initiated from the function block or the element are “High-priority alarms.”
•Level2
All alarms initiated from the function block or the element are “Medium-priority
alarms.”
•Level3
All alarms initiated from the function block or the element are “Low-priority alarms.”
•Level4
All alarms initiated from the function block or the element are “Logging alarms.”
The definitions for level1 to level4 are fixed for a whole system. The alarm priorities
and colors for level5 to level16 can be defined by users.
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Alarm Status Common to Regulatory
Control Blocks
The priority for alarm display is as follows:
OOP>IOP>IOP->HH>LL>HI>LO>DV+>DV->VEL+>VEL->MHI>MLO>CNF
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
The input open alarm check is a function that determines whether the input values read
from the field by the I/O module is out of the range of the high and low limit input open
detection setpoint values.
The high-limit input open alarm (IOP) is initiated when it is determined that the input
value exceeds the input open high detection setpoint value. Similarly, the low-limit input
open alarm (IOP-) is initiated when the input value is below the low-limit input open
detection setpoint value.
The high and low limit input open alarm (IOP, IOP-) indicates that a failure such as
severed wires in the detection terminal or transmitter has occurred.
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
The input high-high and low-low limit alarm check is a function that determines whether
the input process variable (PV) is out of the range of the high-high and low-low limit alarm
setpoint value (HH, LL).
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
The input high and low limit alarm check is a function that determines whether the process
variable (PV) is within the range of the high and low limit alarm setpoint values (PH, PL).
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
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Alarm Check – HH, HI, LO, LL
Figure: Input High-High and Low-Low Figure: Input High and Low Limit Alarm Check
Limit Alarm Check
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
When it is determined that the changes in the process variable (PV) over a specified
time exceed the velocity alarm setpoint value (VL), the velocity alarm in the positive
direction (VEL+) is activated if the changes are in the increasing direction. Similarly, if
the changes are in the decreasing direction, the velocity alarm in the negative direction
is activated (VEL-).
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
The deviation alarm check is a function that determines whether the absolute value of the
deviation (DV=PV-SV) between the process variable (PV) and the setpoint value (SV)
exceeds the absolute value of the deviation alarm setpoint value (DL). When it is
determined that the former exceeds the latter, a deviation alarm in the positive direction
(DV+) is activated if the deviation is in the positive direction. Similarly, if the deviation is
in the negative direction, a deviation alarm in negative direction (DV-) is activated
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
The output open alarm check is a function that determines the data status received from
the I/O module.
Based on the data status (OOP) received from the I/O module, an output open alarm
(OOP) is activated.
This alarm indicates that the control output line has been physically severed.
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
The output high and low limit alarm check is a function that determines whether the
manipulated output value (MV) exceeds the range of the manipulated output variable high-
limit/low-limit setpoint (MH, ML) for the output limiter.
When it is determined that the manipulated output value (MV) exceeds the manipulated
output variable high limit setpoint (MH), an output high limit alarm (MHI) is activated.
Similarly, when it is lower than the manipulated variable low limit setpoint (ML), an output
low limit alarm (MLO) is activated.
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PID Function Block Detail – Alarm
The bad connection status alarm check is a function that determines whether there is a faulty
connection to the function block or data at the I/O connection destination.
When it is determined that the connection status is bad, the bad connection alarm (CNF) is
activated. When the connection is restored, the system recovers from the alarming state.
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PID Function Block Detail – Output
When “Automatic Determination” is selected, the engineering unit and scale range of the
manipulated output value (MV) change according to the connected destination of the
OUT terminal.
When “User Define” is selected, set the engineering unit and scale range for the
manipulated output value (MV). The engineering unit and the range should be the same
as the output destination.
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PID Function Block Detail –Others
Constants are preset tuning parameters, they can be set in the Constant text box on Others
tab.
Up to 1,024 alphanumeric characters can be used for each constant.
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Sequence Control
Sequence Control Blocks which execute the sequence control include Sequence Table
Blocks, Logic Chart Blocks, SFC Blocks, Switch Instrument Blocks, Sequence Element
Blocks, and Valve Monitoring Block
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Function Block Diagram of Sequence Tables
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ST16 Structure
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Sequence Example
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Sequence Table
Sequence Table Block (ST16, ST16E) is a decision table type function block that
describes the relationship between input signal and output signal in a Y/N (yes/no)
fashion.
Handles a total of 64 I/O signals, 32 rules
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Sequence Table Window
The Sequence Table window can be used to monitor the scan status of the
sequence table, status of conditions and actions. The extended sequence table
can be called up too.
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Sequence Table – Block Modes
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Sequence Table Display Area
The Sequence Table view displays the detailed mechanism programmed in a sequence table
block, and the operation status of that sequence program. Either the signal comment
Used to change the
Outputs the image of the Calls up the or tag comment is displayed
Faceplate view step to be
current Sequence Table in the comment column.
executed.
view.
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Sequence Table Display Area
Label name of
the step Rule numbers
currently in Step labels
progress
Condition Condition
signals rules
Operation Operation
signals rules
Signal comment/
Tag comment
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Sequence Table Process Timing
Process Timing:
• TE : Periodic start (T), output each time condition is satisfied (E)
• TC :Periodic start (T), output only when condition changes (C)
• OE :One-shot start (O), output each time condition is satisfied (E)
• OC : One-shot start (O), output only when condition changes (C)
• I : On initial cold start/restart (I)
• B : On initial cold start (B)
Periodic Execution (T)
The periodic execution means that the sequence control block is repeatedly executed in a
preset cycle.
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Condition Signal Description(ST) – Example
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Action Signal Description(ST) – Example
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Logic Chart
Logic Chart Block is the function block that describes the relations of the input signals, the
output signals and the logic calculation operators in the interlock diagram form, so that it
can perform its main function, the interlock sequence control using the same expressions as
those used on the logic chart blue prints.
A logic chart with 32 inputs, 32 outputs and 64 logic elements (LC64) is provided.
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Logic Chart – Block Modes
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Logic Chart Display Area
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Logic Chart Display Area
Tag Mark
Alarm
Tag Name Logic Process Timing
Gates Block Mode Status
Actions
Conditions
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Logic Chart Process Timing
Process Timing:
• TE : Periodic start (T), output each time condition is satisfied (E)
• OE :One-shot start (O), output each time condition is satisfied (E)
• I : On initial cold start/restart (I)
• B : On initial cold start (B)
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Logic Chart Display Area
The color of the line changes according to the progress of the process.
A data value indicating the When the output wiring for the input
completion status element is completed, it is displayed in
(complete:1,incomplete:0) is red, and in green when incomplete.
displayed on the wiring.
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Condition Signal Description(LC) – Example
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Action Signal Description(LC) – Example
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End
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END
OF
PRESENTATION
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PID Function Block Detail – Input
The measure value (PV)are limited by the high limit of the scale (SH) and the low limit of
the scale (SL).
If a value is greater than SH, the SH value will be used; while if a value is smaller than
SL, the SL value will be used.
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PID Function Block Detail – Input
When the Regulatory Controller Block encounters an input open alarm (IOP, IOP-), the
block reactions upon IOP can be inhibited so as the block can ignore the IOP alarm and
continues the current control actions without changing the data status into BAD or
performing MAN Fallback.
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PID Function Block Detail – Input
If the IOP alarm reactions are inhibited, the block will behave as follows upon IOP:
•The data status of measurement value (PV) will be kept as normal (NR) not indicated as
a bad value (BAD). However, this inhibition only valid for IOP and IOP- alarms, the
data status will become bad by other abnormalities.
•The block will continue its control actions without performing MAN Fallback.
•The measurement value (PV) will become the value in accordance with the setting of
[PV Overshoot].
•If the measurement value (PV) is in calibration status (CAL), the PV will keep the value
set from HIS.
•According to the Input Open Alarm setting, input open alarm as well as other process
alarms will be initiated.
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PID Function Block Detail –Others
Constants are preset tuning parameters, they can be set in the Constant text box on Others
tab.
Up to 1,024 alphanumeric characters can be used for each constant.
When online-downloading to an FCS, the constants are compared to the current saved tuning
parameters for a modified function block. If those are not identical, the constants will override
the existing tuning parameters on the FCS. The saved tuning parameters take precedence over
the constants upon offline downloading to an FCS, while the constants take precedence over
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parameters upon initial offline downloading to an FCS.
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Functions of PID
tr
ts
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Nodes – FFCS-L
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RCAS – Remote Cascade
When the computer fail is detected, the function block suspends the action in the remote cascade
(RCAS) mode or remote output (ROUT) mode temporarily and switches to the computer backup mode.
When the function block mode is remote cascade (RCAS) or remote output (ROUT), the function block
receives the setpoint value (SV) or manipulated output value (MV) from a supervisory system computer
via Control bus communication.
When the computer fails, the block changes mode to the preset computer backup mode
(MAN, AUT or CAS) which indicates that an abnormality has been detected in the supervisory
computer. When the computer recovers, the block returns to the mode before the
change.
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PID Function Block Detail - Basic
No-Conversion Output
The manipulated output value (MV) resulted from the control-calculation process is
No-Conversion output.
• Fully-open/Tightly shut:
Choose “Yes” or “No”. The default setting is “Yes.”
• Output Value for tight-shut (Ms): The actual output value for tight-shut.
Setting range is -17.19 to 117.19 % (5 significant figures).
Default is -17.19 % for direct output setting, and -6.25 % for reverse output setting.
• Output Value for full-open (Mf): The actual output value for full-open.
Setting range is -17.19 to 117.19 % (5 significant figures).
Default is 106.25 % for direct output setting, and 117.19 % for reverse output setting.
When function blocks such as sequence control blocks change block mode, the event
recording function sends the status change message from FCS to HIS to inform the operator.
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PID Function Block Detail - Tag
The control period of the controller block is a time period that the controller block
executes control calculation and output processing during automatic operation
(AUT, CAS, RCAS).
The AUT fallback is an error processing function that switches the block mode from cascade
(CAS) or primary direct (PRD) to automatic (AUT) when the AUT fallback condition is
established. Thus the set value of the control loop can be set by the operator.
The AUT fallback condition is established when the data status of the cascade setpoint value
(CSV) become invalid (BAD) or communication error (NCOM).
When the computer fail is detected, the function block suspends the action in
the remote cascade (RCAS) mode or remote output (ROUT) mode temporarily
and switches to the computer backup mode.
It is a function to limit the amount of change between the previous and current
output values, so as to prevent abrupt changes in the output value.
The auxiliary output is used when output a signal through the SUB terminal to a
destination other than the final control element. The signal is often used as
compensation data to other function blocks, or to the indicator outside of the FCS, etc.
When the output action for auxiliary output is set to “Positional Output Action,”
the output values (MV, ∆MV, PV, or ∆PV) can be set in the connection destination
as it is.
Also, when set to the “Velocity Output Action” type, the value read back from the
connection destination is added to the output value and set in the connection
destination.
• In positional output action, the output value connects to its destinations unchanged.
• In velocity output action, the amount of change for the current output (∆MV) is
added to the value read back from the connection destination of the output terminal.