WELCOME

Natural Gas – Fuel for Future

PRESENTATION BY – TEJAS SAWANT

 INDEX

 Introduction
 Gas transmission and distribution
 Properties of Natural Gas
 Comparison of LPG and Natural Gas
 MDPE
 Specifications
 MDPE coils
 MDPE fittings
 Laying/Lowering
 Electro fusion
 Purging/Testing of MDPE lines.
 Problems during MDPE Laying
 GI & Copper
 Specifications
 WAH
 GI Testing
 Problems during GI installation
 Copper
 Typical Meter Installation
 Copper Testing
 Conversion
 Pressure Regulating Devices
 Safety for our pipelines
City Gas Distribution

 INTRODUCTION

 In the 80’s and 90’s Indian hydrocarbon industry mostly

concentrated on oil exploration rather the gas exploration due
to high revenue income from oil production.
 Technology and machineries have upgraded thus making gas
exploration friendly.
 Over the past few years, Natural Gas has emerged as a fuel
for future and is being used as transportation fuel as well as
domestic and commercial fuel.
 Natural Gas is cleaner, cheaper and environment friendly fuel
as compared to other fuels and is being preferred key source
of energy in today's polluted world.
 In the early 2000,the need of Natural Gas increased and hence
in 2007,with the establishment of PNGRB,CGD became a
business avenue for many public and private sectors.
 Small companies formed joint ventures with big companies
and promoted the need of Natural Gas as the Fuel for Future.
 PNGRB encouraged several bidding rounds for participation of
companies in establishing CGD networks in various GA’s.
 At present, CGD authorization has been given by PNGRB for 92
GAs covering 124 districts spread over 23 States and UT
covering 20% of India’s population and 11% of its GA.
 Currently PNGRB had 9th CGD Bidding Round With the
completion of this round CGD would be available in 178 GAs
comprising 280 districts spread over 26 States and UT
covering 50% of population and 35% of its GA.
GAS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

A B C
ONGC GAIL
CNG STATIONS
CITY GAS STATION
D

DRS
H G F E

METER REG. M.C.V R.I.V

R.I.V
I SERVICE
MRS
REGULATOR
K
A –D = CARBON STEEL P/L

APPLIANCE E-F = PE P/L H-I = COPPER

VALVE P/L
APPLIANCE G= GI K = RUBBER HOSE
P/L
 Natural Gas is formed when layers of decomposing plant and
animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the
surface of the Earth over millions of years. ONGC/RIL/GAIL extracts
the Natural gas from deep sea.
 GAIL transports the gas from one custody to other. The
transportation is done through carbon steel pipelines at pressure
ranging from 38 bar to 70 bar.
 City Gas Station is the point where custody transfer of natural gas
from high pressure carbon steel pipeline to the CGD network takes
place. The pressure is reduced from 38-72 bar to 18-20 bar.
 From CGS, the carbon steel pipeline travels to CNG stations for
filling CNG into vehicles. Also the pipeline is laid for DRS
connectivity.
 District Regulating Station (DRS) is a station located in authorized
area which converts gas pressure from 18 bar to 4 bar. From DRS
the line is connected to Meter Regulating station(MRS) which is
installed for industrial customers who requires designated pressure
and also to service regulator which reduces pressure from 4 bar to
100 mbar.
 Service regulator is installed in the premises of the society where
gas is depressurized to 100mbar and supplied to the LDPE lines
connecting transition fittings covered by RCC guard.
 The gas passes through Riser Isolation Valve(RIV) and is carried by
GI pipe further till customer’s kitchen up to Meter Control Valve
(MCV).
 MCV is connected to Meter Regulator which regulates pressure to
21mbar and is completely connected through copper network.
 Meter Regulator is connected to Meter. Gas travels to appliance
valve through copper tube.
 Appliance Valve is regular operating valve. Appliance Valve is
connected to Natural Gas appliance by rubber hose.
Properties of Natural Gas

 Natural gas is a hydrocarbon consisting mainly of methane,

although it contains a variable percentage of nitrogen, ethane,
propane, butane and other constituents in traces.
 It is colorless, odorless and tasteless non toxic gas.
 It burns with blue flame and 40% lighter than air thus dissipates
in air if it leaks.
 Specific gravity is 0.60. Specific gravity is the ratio of density of
substance (here, natural gas) to the density of reference
substance (here, air).
 Boiling point of Natural gas is -162 °C
 Melting point of Natural gas is -182.5 °C
 Calorific value is 12500kcal/kg. C.V is defined as the amount of
heat generated after complete combustion of unit mass of a
substance.
 Comparison of LPG with Natural Gas
LPG
 LPG is propane having
chemical formula C3H8
 LPG (propane) is more dense
than air, at a relative density
of 1.5219:1
 For proper combustion, LPG
requires an air to gas ratio of
approximately 25:1.
 The flammability ranges from
2% LEL to 10% UEL.
 After regulation, the pressure
drops to 27 to 30mbar.
Natural Gas
 NG is methane having
chemical formula Ch4
 Natural gas (methane) at
0.5537:1 relative density,
which is lighter than air.
 For proper combustion
,Natural gas requires an air
to gas ratio of 10:1 ratio.
 The flammability ranges from
5% LEL to 15% UEL.
 After regulation, the pressure
drops to 19 to 21mbar.
 MDPE

MDPE – Medium Density Polyethylene Pipelines

 SPECIFICATION
S

 MDPE is the secondary network of the CGD that operates at the pressure less
than 7 bar and more than 100mbar.
 Secondary network is a Pressure Distribution System comprising of Gas
Mains or Distribution Mains usually constructed using thermoplastic piping
(MDPE) and connects DRS to various service regulators at commercial,
industrial, and domestic consumers.
 MDPE are corrosion resistant, tough and flexible, squeezable, easily repairable
and has high life period with low cost maintenance which makes these pipes
used for transportation of Natural Gas.
 MDPE pipes are available in various sizes i.e. 20mm, 32mm, 63mm, 90mm,
125mm, 180mm.
 Standard for the Pipes – ISO 4437 / IS 14885.
 Make – Dura-life, Jain irrigation, Kimplas piping system.
 Grades - PE80 & PE100
 MDPE Coils

Diameter SDR Thickness Length

20mm 11 2.3mm 100 to 300m
32mm 11 3.00mm 100 to 300m
63mm 11 5.8mm 100m
90mm 17.6 5.2mm 50m
125mm 17.6 7.1mm 50m

Thickness is calculated by SDR ratio.

SDR is standard dimensional Ratio which is the ratio of outer diameter
to the thickness of pipe.

SDR = Pipe Diameter(mm) / Thickness (mm)

 Polyethylene is a well-known simple polymer with advantages and
disadvantages.
 Advantages:
o Low weight,
o Abrasion resistance
o Corrosion resistance
o High impact resistance
o Superior flexibility.
 Disadvantages/Limitations :
o Not resistant to oxidizing acids
o Chlorinated hydrocarbons
o When exposed to direct sunlight, may degrade due to ultraviolet
radiations.
o Difficult to fuse, needs additional electrical supply for process.
o High thermal expansion and flammable.
 MDPE fittings

 Fittings are used to connect pipes and transport Natural gas.

 Standard for fittings- ISO 8085 – 3 & EN 1555 – 3
 Grades – PE 100 (Black)
 Various types of fittings used for connectivity are-
 Tee
 Coupler
 Elbow
 Reducer
 Tap saddle
 Every fitting comes in different sizes ranging from 20mm to
180mm.
 Manufacturers – GF+,Kimplas piping systems ,Jain irrigation
systems. Gamsons India.
COUPLER

Coupler maintains connectivity between two pipes.

Couplers are available in different sizes.
Available in different grades – PE 80 (Yellow) and PE 100
(Black).
It has copper coils which melts the plastic and fuse the
fitting with t t the pipe for connectivity.
TEE

Tee is used to join the three MDPE pipes.

If pipes are of same diameter , Equal Tee is used.
If pipes are of different diameters , Reducer tee is used.
Available in different sizes as per requirement.
It is been installed to take tap off, to make a new line
from alalready installed line.
Reducer

Reducer is used to connect the two MDPE pipes of two different diameters.
Sizes:
32x20 mm
63x32 mm
90x 63mm
125x63 mm
125x32mm
ELBOW

Elbow is used to join to pipes at an angles.

Elbow comes in different sizes having angles of 45° and 90°
TAP
SADDLE

It is used to join the charged line with the new line,
taking tap off wwithout disturbing the existing line.
Available in different ranges as per requirement.
Tap Saddle alignment clamp is required to hold the fitting
firm.
Once the fitting is fused, it has a cutter on the top which
cuts the ppipe and thus making way for the gas to pass
through new line.
Stop off valves

 Stop off valves/Safety shut valves are

installed at equal distant location to cut
off gas supply in case of emergency or
maintenance.
 For operating the valve, a valve key is
needed which is placed on the top of the
valve head and rotated to shut off.
 The process is as such that when the
valve key is placed on valve and rotated,
the hemispherical part gets displaced and
comes in front of the supply thereby
blocking the supply further.
 Price may vary as various kinds of stop off
valves are available in the market.
 Squeezer

 Squeezing is a technique used to control the flow

of gas in polyethylene pipe by compressing the
pipe between parallel bars until the inside
surfaces make contact.
 The flexibility and toughness of polyethylene pipes
allow the pipe to recover from a properly made
squeeze-off without a major loss in service life.
 When properly performed, the operator can obtain
a complete flow shut-off.
 Squeeze-off can be useful for making new
installation, performing maintenance to system
components, as well as for emergency repairs.
 Price
o 20mm - 63mm - ≈15000 Rs.
o >63mm -180mm - ≈ 70000 Rs.
Squeezing procedure

 Center the squeeze-off tool squarely on the pipe. Locate the

squeezer at a minimum distance of 3x the pipe diameter, or 12
inches, whichever is greater, from any fusion joint, prior squeeze-
off point, or second squeeze-off tool.
 Operate the squeezer at a rate slow enough to allow stress
relaxation in the pipe to occur. Squeeze the pipe until flow ceases
or the mechanical stop is contacted, whichever comes first.
 Remove the squeeze off tool in a controlled manner .If rerounding
is performed, reround the pipe by rotating the squeeze-off tool
90° and applying enough force to round the pipe.
 After the squeeze-off tool has been removed, inspect the
squeezed section for any damage. Procedures should not allow
the same area to be squeezed off more than once.
Laying/Lowerin
g

 The process in which pipeline is laid under the ground is

laying/lowering.
 Initially the planning and preparation of a schedule for work
execution is done.
 Liasoning plays an important role as a permission needs to be
obtained from authorities prior start of work.
 Making trial pits to determine the underground utilities
/services such as existing pipelines, Cables
(Electrical/Communication), U/G drainage, Sewers, tunnels,
Subways foundations etc, and deciding optimum routes and
depths for laying the pipelines.
 Once the excavation for trenching is started, the area should
be barricaded concerning safety purpose with proper
signboards and pictograms.
• The trench should be made ready achieving a proper top cover of 1
meter compared to unexcavated ground conditions.
• To provide adequate working space & to avoid the danger of debris 

falling into the trench, sufficient space(minimum 300mm) shall be l
eft  between the trench side & excavated  material.
• A minimum proximity distance of 300mm should be done in case of
any other utility, OFC cables and gas pipe.
• In the rocky terrain, before laying of pipeline the bed should be
filled with soft soil up to 150mm, also completely covering the pipe
with the same soil after lowering.
• Warning tape to be placed inside the trench at least 400mm above
the top cover of the pipe.
• Restoration of existing ground features such as paving, roads,
concrete, fencing, tiles, flooring is done to its original condition.
Pictures Depicting Laying

Trial pits are required to determine the

underground utilities /services such as
existing pipelines, Cables
(Electrical/Communication), U/G drainage,
Sewers, tunnels, Subways foundations etc,
and deciding optimum routes and depths for
laying the pipelines.

Ratnagiri being an area completely having

Laterite strata is not able to excavate by
man power easily.
Machines in the form of Compressor-hand
breaker, excavators are needed to break
the Laterite.
After excavating trench of depth 1.2m from the
undisturbed surface level, the trench is filled
with soft soil at least 150mm and hard or sharp
particles which can damage the pipe are
removed.

Pipe is placed inside the excavated trench

and again covering the pipe with soft soil
ensuring the top cover to be 1m from the
undisturbed ground level
Warning tape to be placed inside the trench at least
400mm above the top cover of the pipe.
Warning tape is printed with the name of the
company indicating the gas line laid beneath and
the emergency contact numbers.

Backfilling is done completely.

Restoration of existing ground features such as
paving, roads, concrete, fencing, tiles, flooring
is done to its original condition
 Proximity
o Where possible PE mains & services should be laid with a clear
ance of at least 300mm from  other plant & obstacles.
o For the low density PE lines i.e. for lines operating at pressure
below or equal to 100 mbar the minimum proximity to be
maintained is 0.25m.
o For the medium density PE lines i.e. for lines operating at
pressure below or equal to 4 bar the minimum proximity to be
maintained is 3.00 m.

Fixed
structur
0.25/
e
3.00 PE pipe
mtr
 ELECTROFUSION

 Electrofusion is a method of joining two pipes using

thermoplastic fittings which are built in copper coil.
 These coil heat up and melts the plastic which fuses with the
plastic on pipe making connectivity.
 Initially the pipe is been cleaned and made cut at right angle
with the help of pipe cutting tool.
 The pipe is scrapped about 0.1mm - 0.2mm to remove the
oxidized layer with scrapper as tool equipment.
 The pipe is cleaned with cleaning solution like iso-propyl
alcohol, acetone to avoid oxidation and remove dirt dust if any.
 Fittings to be removed from packed plastic and should be
pushed up to the centre divider. Insertion depth to be marked
with permanent marker.
 The second pipe is made to slide into the fitting.
 The arrangement is clamped with the alignment clamp to
avoid deviation in the alignment which may fail the fusion
process.
 Once the alignment is set, connect the fusion machine with
the power supply generator set.
 Put in the lead points into the fitting and scan the bar code
attached over the fitting with the scanner. It will automatically
take in the heating time.
 Once the heating process is completed , the lead points
automatically comes up indicating fusion process is
successful.
 Wait till the mentioned cooling time,
Fusion machine errors

 In case of improper fusion techniques, the following errors will

be displayed on machine monitor screen.
Fusion and Cooling
time

Pipe Fusion time Cooling time

diameter/Fitting
32 mm Fitting 48 sec 6 min
62mm Fitting 72 sec 6 min
90 mm Fitting 150 sec 10 min
125mm Fitting 315 sec 20 min
Pictures depicting Electrofusion

Cutting Scrapping Electrofusion

 Flushing & Testing of MDPE lines

 Pneumatic testing may give rise to ruptures to the pipe or any failure in
the fitting may create injury to the personnel, hence needs to be aware
of the work going on.
 Proper signage, pictograms must be displayed on the site. Also the site
should be barricaded near the purging & testing point.
 No other activity/simultaneous operation must be carried out.
 Once the pipeline is laid and after completing fusion process, flushing of
line is done to remove foreign particles, accumulated water, dirt & dust.
 Flushing is done prior to testing, it is an act of filling the pipe with
compressed air and releasing the air with high velocity so that it carries
away all other impurities and foreign particles.
 For the process of testing, compressed air/nitrogen is needed. The MDPE
pipe must be tested at about 1.5 times the operating pressure- 6 bar
 The pressure gauge used for testing must be calibrated and certificate
to be displayed depicting valid pressure gauge.
After successful testing, the pipe is kept filled with positive
pressure of 4 bar.
The gauge to be selected in such a way that the range should not
exceed ttttwice the operating pressure range.
Moreover, least count of the gauge should be as minimum as
possible. Any mminute drop in the pressure during testing should be
noted by the gauge.
Gauge should be duly calibrated.
 Problems during MDPE Laying

 There are several factors which affects the laying process thereby
delaying in achieving the targets.
 Laying MDPE in an area like Ratnagiri is a tuff challenge as Laterite
being strata does not supports easy laying.
 The consumption centers are very scattered.
 Relating to weather conditions, rainfall received here is in abundant
amount. Also the humidity level is very high during summers.
 The permissions from the statutory boards are not received as per
demands that delays in process.
 Local authorities/people keep on afflicting the work.
 The failure in machineries may affect the work. Unavaibility of fuel as
per requirement is also a cause.
 Other underground utilities/OFC’s which may or may not be backfilled
at uneven depth and improper line can come in between during
excavation.
Safety to be followed during excavation

 Safety is needed during executing any kind of work.

 Initially the underground utilities are identified and informed to the
representative authority. Damage in such utilities may create heavy injury.
 A proximity of minimum 300mm to be kept during laying close to any other
utility.
 The area which is to be excavated should be kept barricaded with proper
signages and pictograms.
 Labors working on site should be aware of kind of work. A TBT to be conducted
and proper communication with them to be maintained.
 Any issue on the site should be informed to line manager to avoid future
incidences. Proper PPE’s to be worn during work to avoid injuries.
 Tools used during excavation should be of proper condition and labors should
be skilled of using such tools.
 To avoid collapse of trench, the excavated soil to be kept at minimum distance
of 300mm away.
 Shuttering of the trench must be done where trench collapse is likely to
happen.
GI and COPPER

COPPER TUBES

GI PIPES
Galvanized Iron - Riser & Laterals

 GI stands for galvanized iron pipes. The pipes which are installed
above the ground for supply of gas into the customers kitchen.
 GI- copper work forms the tertiary network of the CGD network
which operates at pressure less than 100mbar.
 Tertiary network is a service Pressure Distribution System
comprising of Service Lines, Service Regulators and meter set
assembly.
 As per specifications, the Pipes shall be conforming to IS: 1239-I,
class B –medium class (minimum) and class C- Heavy class, Zinc
coated.
 Riser is the vertical section of the service pipeline installed on
the walls of the building which carries gas between the floors.
Whereas laterals are the horizontal piece off take from the risers
which supplies gas within the floors.
 The underground laid pipeline and
the GI pipe clamped above the
ground is connected through the
transition fitting.
 These pipes are designed to
withstand a pressure of 5Mpa i.e.
50bar for the period of 3 seconds.
 Pipe size to be used – ¾’’ , ½’’, 1’’
 Polytetrafluoroethylene-PTFE (Teflon)
tape is used for sealing of joints.
 As per the specification the threads
should be tapered.
 The other parts - valves conforming to GI network are.
 Riser Isolation Valve (RIV)
 Lateral Isolation valve (LIV)
 Meter control valve (MCV)
 Appliance valve
 The RIV is connected at distance of 1.5m above ground level and
transition fitting is covered by RCC guard to prevent from
damages.
 LIV is installed on laterals to isolate gas supply of a specific
customer.
 MCV is installed just when the GI pipe enters in the premises of
the customer. It cuts off the gas supply before entering the meter.
 AV is regular operating Valve near appliance.
 Pictures depicting isolation valves

As per specifications, BS EN 331 valves to be

used.
 Meter Control Valve is installed when GI
enter the customers kitchen.
 Operated to cut off gas supply further to
meter.
•Riser Isolation Valve is installed at the
lower eend of the riser.
•Operated to cut off complete gas supply
of the r riser.

Appliance valve is installed at lower

pportion of copper tube.
Operated regularly, to cut off supply
to aappliance.
 Work at
Height

 Working 2m above ground level distance is considered as work

at height.
 Specific equipments are used for work at height.
 Petzl set/ Karam.
 Full body harness
 Min.12mm dia. rope & Rope protector
 Fall arrestor.
 Carabineer.
 Industrial Descender
 Foot rest/ Ascender
 Rope to be tied with 8 knot at 1.5m distance above ground
 Rope to be tied with Kuwa knot with permanent structure.
Pictures depicting W.A.H
 GI TESTING

 Testing is incorporated at pressure 1.5 times of the operating

pressure-250 mbar
 Testing medium used is air.
 Foot pump or hand pump is used to produce air in the pipe.
 A digital pressure gauge is preferred.
 Pressure gauge should be calibrated and the certificate to be
kept displayed on site.
 Testing is done by keeping the MCV open and ends plugged to
ensure end to end testing.
 Stabilization time -10 min, testing time – 5 min and no pressure
loss is permissible
 In testing failure, the joints are checked completely by soap water
solution and failure is removed. Testing to be repeated again.
 Testing area to be barricaded completely to avoid entry of any
unskilled personnel.
 Problems during GI
Installation

 The weather here is quite unpredictable, rainfall received here is

in abundant quantity which affects the plumber to work on
height.
 The permissions from the societies causes delay in starting the
work, herby getting delay in achieving the targets.
 Shortage in skilled plumbers who are skilled to do gas piping
work.
 Unavaibiilty of required materials, tools may create delays.
 The consumption centers are scattered.
 Lack in plumber skills may slow down the work.
 COPPER

 As per specifications, standard for copper tube is BS EN 1057.

 The dimensions for copper are 12mmx0.6mmx3m
 Copper is installed after MCV into the kitchen as it has high
thermal conductivity.
 Manufacturers – Rajco copper industry
 Initially the copper tubes are tested at pressure of 1 bar for
the period of 2 sec.
 Pre soldered copper fittings are used for connectivity.
 Lead free, non acidic flux is used during soldering process.
Flux prevents oxidation of metals which tends to form
whenever hot metals comes in contact with the air.
 Pictures depicting tools used for Copper

Copper pipe
Copper pipe bender Butane heat
cutter
torch

Butane Soldering Flux

cartridge wire
 Typical Meter Installation

1. Meter
2. Meter regulator
3. Copper tube
4. Meter control valve
5. m/f elbow
6. Brass fittings
7. Pre soldered Copper
fittings
8. Appliance valve
9. Appliance
10.Rubber tube
11.PVC clamp
12.Meter bracket
13.SS screws
14.SS plate
 Brass fittings

•Inlet: ½” x 12mm
• Regulator (inlet) : ¾” x 12mm
• Regulator(Outlet) : ¾” x ¾”
• Meter Outlet : ¾” x 12mm
•Standard- BS EN 1254 -I
COPPER TESTING

 Copper tube is connected between MCV and appliance valve.

 The tube between meter control valve and appliance valve is
tested at pressure of 32mbar.
 Testing apparatus used is water manometer.
 Stabilization – 3 min, testing – 2min without any permissible
pressure drop.
 If the test fails, the copper fittings must be checked again and
soldered properly. Retesting is done.
 Appliance testing is also done, where the purging tube is
connected to the screw opening in meter and other end to
manometer, Rubber tube is connected to appliance and
appliance valve. The MCV is made opened and immediately
shut. If the pressure remains stable, appliance is tested ok else
appliance has leakage.
 Conversion

The nozzle is drilled to

make hole diameter from
0.6mm to 1.2mm
Conversion is done to
increase gas flow rate.
Pressure Regulating Devices

 DRS (DISTRICT REGULATING SYSTEM)

• DRS are installed at various locations
• Regulating 18.5 bar pressure to 1.5 - 4 bar
• Twin stream regulating system
• Distribution via PE pipeline

 Manufacturers
• Pietro Fiorentini
• Schlumbereger
• Nirmal
• Gorter
• RMG
• Emerson
Drs has following parts
Inlet isolation valve
Filter
Pressure regulator with a built in slam - shut device
Independent slam shut valve
Relief valve
Outlet isolation valve
DRS inlet is Steel and outlet is PE.
 MRS (METERING AND REGULATING SYSTEM)
• Installed at various Industrial & Commercial sectors
• Regulating 18.5 bar pressure to minimum 0.5 bar as per customer
requirement
• Twin stream or single stream regulating system
• Flow metering – Turbine meter / RPD Meter

 Manufacturers
• Schlumbereger
• Fisher
• Nirmal
MRS Consists of
Inlet isolation valves
Filter
Pressure regulator with built in slam shut device
Relief valve
Strainer
Flow Meter (Turbine/RPD)
EVC / EFM
Outlet isolation valve
COMPARISON

1) DISTRICT REGULATING SYSTEM 1) METERING AND REGULATING SYSTEM

2) RECIEVES HIGHLY PRESSURIZED 2) RECIEVES MEDIUM OR HIGHLY
PRESSURIZED GAS FROM DRS OR CGS

GAS FROM CITY GATE STATION

3) INLET PRESSURE – 19 BAR 3) INLET PRESSURE – 4 TO 4.5 BAR
OUTLET PRESSURE – 4 TO 4.5 BAR UPTO 19 BAR.
4) IT IS TWIN STREAM REGULATING OUTLET PRESSURE – 0.5 BAR OR AS
SYSTEM PER CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS
5) INLET IS STEEL PIPE AND OUTLET IS 4) IT IS EITHER SINGLE OR TWIN STREAM
PE PIPE
6) DOES NOT CONSIST METER
 Safety for our
pipelines

 Various safety measure are incorporated to protect our gas

pipeline from third party damages.
 Isolation Valves
• At every intervals of 1000 meter in case of feeder line, valves
are installed which on closing can isolate the gas supply
further. Thus during any damage by the third party and
continuous gas leakage, the valves can be operated.

 Proximity
• To ensure safety of our pipe, a proximity distance of 300mm is
maintained. Thus during operation and maintenance of
pipeline, no other line could be made opened to atmosphere.
 Testing before commissioning
• Testing is done after laying of pipeline so that no leakages are
witnessed during gas commissioning. Any leakage found is
treated and repaired before commissioning.

 Route Markers
• Route markers are installed at equal intervals to depict the gas
line flowing through particular area. Warning material is printed
on markers to make aware of danger.

 Warning tape
 During laying process, warning tape is placed on the pipe to give
caution to any other authority who is excavating on our same
trench.
Reference

 CGD- An Indian Perspective e book

 Gail Technical specifications and drawing
 MDPE technical specification- UEPL
 T4S – Technical standards
 MGL COP
 Bhagyanagar Gas limited COP.