CGD NETWORK

CGD

 City gas distribution is an interconnected network of pipelines

used for the distribution of gas to domestic / commercial/
industrial consumers .

 It is in the form of PNG (low pressure distribution network)

and to the automobiles in the form of CNG (high pressure
distribution network).
CGD

 The City Gas Distribution system consists of underground

pipeline distribution network inside the city to supply natural
gas to different consumers for varied applications
General Description of CGD

 Objective :Delivery of natural gas to different sectors.

 City Gate station : Depressurization, metering odorisation.
 Pipeline quality natural gas
 Leak Management system
 Construction & Management activities
CGD

 Regulating stations:
 Regulating stations contain equipment for pressure regulation and
for quick switching off of gas supply with associated pipes
 Operations & maintenance inspection.
 Repair activities.
 Training.
CGD- Line Diagram
City gas station
District Regulating Stations

 Purpose : to reduce pressure from 4 bar to 100mbar.

 100 mbar for residential district.
Challenges In CGD
Transportation Sector

CNG : (compressed natural gas) has a Research Octane

Number in excess of 120. The excellent knock resisting
property of CNG allows for use of a higher compression
ratio resulting in an increased power output and greater fuel
economy when compared to petrol.

CNG can be used in engines with a compression ratio as high

as 12:1 compared to normal gasoline (7.5:1 to 10:1). At this
high compression ratio, natural gas-fuelled engines have
higher thermal efficiencies than those fuelled by gasoline.
Transportation Sector

 The fuel efficiency of CNG driven engines is about 10-

20% better than diesel engines.
 Pressure of CNG used for vehicles is 250 bars.
Cheapest & Cleanest
CNG Infrastructure

 Mother Station:
 A CNG station provided with whole set up (compressors,
dispensers, cascade etc) along with a LCV filling point is
known as a mother a CNG station. 

 Refueling facilities with access to a continuous supply of

natural gas from a pipeline are often referred to as
Mother Station
Mother Station

Major Equipments:
 Compressors
 Dryers
 Storage
 Controls
 Dispensers
 Valves & fittings
Mother station
Mother Station
Daughter Station

 Daughter stations are established in those areas where laying a

pipeline is not possible. In that case gas is delivered from mother
station to daughter station; via mobile cascade van. The gas from
mother station is filled in mobile cascade by a LCV filling point.

 Mother or pipeline stations can also act as fuel suppliers to other

stations not connected to the pipeline. These other sub stations,
often called daughter stations.
Cascade Storage System

 High Pressure -5 Cylinders

 Medium Pressure-11 Cylinders
 Low Pressure- 24 Cylinders.

 Stationary Cascade
 Mobile Cascade.
Cascade Systems
Online Station

 This CNG station has same set up as a mother station but LCV
connection is not provided for filling.
Mother Stations
Mother Station Fuel Transfer Point
Benefits of CNG

Environmental
 No impurities, No Sulphur (S), No lead (Pb)
 Very low levels of polluting gaseous emissions without smell and dust
Technical

• Very high antiknock power (more than 120 ON) allows greater
performance compared to petrol one.
• Does not require refining plant or additive adding and can be used
immediately after its extraction.
• It has no evaporation leaks and spills of fuel, both during refueling
and feeding of the car.
• Its combustion produces a very low quantity of carbon deposits (permits a
longer life of lubricant oil, spark plug, piston drum, valves & other
components)
Safety

 Lighter than air - in case of leak no dangerous puddles

 Unlikely to ignite due to:
 High ignition temperature (high auto-ignition temperature, 540
oC) 

 Narrow range of ignition (5-15% flammability)

 Lowest injury and death rate per vehicle mile
 CNG cylinders structurally most sound and have passed every
severe test
Economy

 Cheaper than conventional fuel.

 Pay back period is short
Disadvantage

 Large storage space required.

 Gas Infrastructure.
 PNG(Piped Natural Gas)

Main difference between CNG and PNG is; natural gas operated at
high pressure about 250 bar as a vehicular fuel is called CNG ; where
as when the natural gas with same composition is operated at low
pressure below 4 bar for domestic , commercial and industrial
purposes is known as PNG.

 PNG is supplied by using polyethylene pipeline and copper pipelines.

PNG has several distinctions to its credit- of being a pollution-free

fuel, easily accessible, and being available at very competitive rates.
Benefits of PNG

 Uninterrupted Supply
 Unmatched Convenience
 Safety
 Customer Support
 A Versatile Fuel
 Environment Friendly
 No Spillage
 Lower Maintenance Cost
Design of Gas Network

 High Pressure Network

 Distribution Network
 Customer Installations
CGD in India
Pressure Range in CGD
Safety Distance

Pipe Material:
 PE for distribution
 Steel for transmission.
Jointing of pipes

Jointing of pipes:
 Welding
 Butt welding
Butt Fusion
Corrosion Resistance

 PE: No special requirement for corrosion

 Steel Pipes
 Protective surface coating
 Electrochemical protection
 Cathodic protection.