CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGE

PREPARED BY:
NIMITA GUJAR
CIVIL ENGINNERING DEPARTMENT
KJIT SAVLI
Types of Bridges Based on Span, Materials,
Structures, Functions, Utility etc.

 There are various types of bridges classified based on

span, materials, types of bridge structures, functions,
utility and position etc.
 A bridge is structure which allows passage over an
obstruction. The obstructions may be river, valley, rail
route or road way etc.
Types of Bridges based on Type of Super Structure

 Arch bridge
 Girder bridge
 Truss bridge
 Suspension bridge
 Arch Bridge

 Arch bridge is curve

shaped bridge, in which
horizontal thrust is
developed and is
restrained by the
abutments at each end of
the bridge. There are
many types of arch
bridges are there. In some
cases, the arch may be
under the deck slab also.
 Girder Bridge

 In case of Girder Bridge,

the deck slab is supported
by means of girders. The
girder may be of rolled
steel girder or plate girder
or box girder. Load
coming from the deck are
taken by girder and
transferred them to the
piers and abutments.
 Truss Bridge

 Truss is member
consisting connected
elements to form
triangular units. In case of
truss bridge the super
structure is provided with
trusses. Generally, trusses
are made of steel. There
are several types of
trusses are available.
 Suspension Bridge

 In case of Suspension
bridge, deck slab is
suspended with the help
of cables and suspenders.
These will give good
appearance. For long span
bridges, this type of
suspension is suitable.
 Types of Bridges based on Materials

 Timber bridge
 Masonry bridge
 Steel bridge
 R.C.C bridge
 Pre stressed concrete bridge
 Timber Bridge

 Bridges constructed using

timber are called timber
bridges.
 These are generally
constructed for short
spans or as temporary
bridges.
 They are not useful for
heavy loads.
 Masonry Bridge

 Masonry Bridge
constructed by using
bricks or stones.
 These are generally
constructed for short
spans and in low depth
canals.
 Steel Bridge

 Steel bridges are

constructed using steel
bars or trusses or steel
cables.
 These are more durable
and bear heavy loads.
 R.C.C Bridge

 R.C.C bridges are

constructed using
reinforced cement
concrete.
 These are more stable and
durable.
 They can bear heavy loads
and are widely using
nowadays.
 Prestressed Concrete Bridge
 If concrete material is
placed under compression
before applying the loads,
then it is called as
prestressed concrete.
 To construct pre stressed
concrete bridge, pre-
stressed concrete blocks
are arranged as deck slab
with the help of girders.
These blocks are suitable
for shorter span to longer
span bridges.
 Types of Bridges based on Span

 Culvert bridge
 Minor bridge
 Major bridge
 Long span bridge
 Culvert Bridge

 When the bridge span

length is below 6meters
then it is called as Culvert
Bridge
 Minor Bridge

 If the bridge span length

is in between 8 to 30
meters, then it is called
minor bridge.
 Major Bridge

 Formajor bridge, the

span is generally
about 30 to 120
meters.
 Long Span Bridge

 When the span of bridge is

more than 120 meters then
it is termed as long span
bridge.
Types of Bridges based on Level of Crossing

Overbridge
Under bridge
 Over Bridge

 To pass over another

route (railway or
highway), a bridge is
constructed to allow
traffic. This is called over
bridge or fly over bridge.
 Under Bridge

 If over bridge is not possible,

an underground type bridge
is constructed to pass
another route. This is called
under bridge.
 Types of Bridges based on Function

 Foot bridge
 Highway bridge
 Rail way bridge
 Aqueduct bridge
 Road cum railway
bridge
 Foot Bridge

 Foot Bridge is generally

constructed for humans to
cross the roads or rail
route or any canal by foot.
 Vehicles are not allowed
in this bridge.
 Highway Bridge

 High way or road Way

Bridge is used for road
transportation.
 These are constructed over
rivers or another routes to
allow road way traffic.
 Girder type bridges are
used as highway bridges
over rivers or canals.
 Railway Bridge

 Rail bridges are

constructed for rail
transportation.
 Truss type bridges are
preferred for railways
but how ever r.c.c
bridges are also used.
 Aqueduct Bridge

 Aqueduct bridges are

nothing but water
carrying bridges which
are constructed to
transport water from
source to system.
 Road cum Railway Bridge

 This type of bridge is

useful for both road way
and railway transport.
 It may be of one floor or
two floors. If one floor is
there then, rail and road
way are arranged side by
side. Otherwise roadway
on top deck and railway in
bottom deck is preferred.
Bogibeel bridge

 Bogibeel bridge is the
longest rail-cum-road
bridge of India on the
Brahmaputra river in Assam.
Due to its location,
the bridge is of strategic
importance to India as it will
significantly enhance India's
ability to transport troops and
supplies to its border with
Tibet in Arunachal Pradesh.
Types of Bridges based on Inter Span Relation

 Simple bridge
 Continuous bridge
 Cantilever bridge
 Simple Bridge

 Simple bridge is like

simply supported beam
type which consist two
supports at its ends. For
shorter spans, simple
bridges are suitable.
 Continuous Bridge

 If the bridge span is very

long, then we have to
build more supports in
between end supports.
This type of bridge is
termed as continuous
bridge.
 Cantilever Bridge

 Cantilever type of bridge

have only supported at
one end and another end
is free to space.
 Generally, two
cantilever portions are
joined to make way to
the vehicles or humans.
 Types of Bridges based on Utility

Temporary bridge
Permanent
bridge
 Temporary Bridge
 During construction of dams
or bridges or during floods,
temporary bridges are
constructed at low cost for
temporary usage.
 These bridges are
maintained at low cost.
After construction of
original structure temporary
bridges are dismantled.
 Generally timber is used to
construct temporary
bridges.
 Permanent Bridge

 These bridges are

constructed for long term
use and maintained at
high level.
 Steel or R.C.C bridges are
come under this category.
Types of Bridges based on Position of Floor

 Deck bridge
 Through bridge
 Semi-through bridge
 Deck Bridge

 In case of Deck Bridge,

super structure or floor of
bridge is positioned in
between the high flood
level and formation level.
 Through Bridge

 In case of through
bridge, Super structure
of bridge is completely
above the formation
level.
 Semi-Through Bridge

 If the super structure of

bridge is partly above
and partly below the
formation level, then it
is called as semi-through
bridge.
Types of Bridges based on High Flood Level (HFL)

Low level bridge

High level bridge
 Low Level Bridge

 The super structure of

bridge is generally below
high flood level. So,
whenever floods occurred
these are submersed in
water.
 So, these are also called
as submersible bridges.
 These are generally
constructed for
unimportant routes with
low cost.
 High Level Bridge

 High level bridge is non

submersible against
floods.
 It is well above the high
flood level and
constructed in important
routes.
References

 https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/types-of-bridges/13195/