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Rock Stress: How Rocks Behave Under Different Types of Stress Such As Compression, Pulling Apart and Shearing

Rocks can undergo deformation due to three types of tectonic forces: compressional, tensional, and shearing stresses. Compressional stresses cause folding and thrust faulting during mountain building. Tensional stresses lead to stretching and normal faulting at divergent boundaries. Shearing stresses produce strike-slip faulting along transform boundaries. Folds include anticlines and synclines, while faults include normal, reverse, and strike-slip varieties.

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Rhone Christian Narciso Salcedo
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385 views21 pages

Rock Stress: How Rocks Behave Under Different Types of Stress Such As Compression, Pulling Apart and Shearing

Rocks can undergo deformation due to three types of tectonic forces: compressional, tensional, and shearing stresses. Compressional stresses cause folding and thrust faulting during mountain building. Tensional stresses lead to stretching and normal faulting at divergent boundaries. Shearing stresses produce strike-slip faulting along transform boundaries. Folds include anticlines and synclines, while faults include normal, reverse, and strike-slip varieties.

Uploaded by

Rhone Christian Narciso Salcedo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ROCK STRESS

H O W R O C K S B E H AV E U N D E R
DIFFERENT TYPES OF STRESS SUCH AS
C O M P R E S S I O N , P U L L I N G A PA R T A N D
SHEARING.
ROCK STRESS

• Rocks may undergo deformation.


• Deformation- refers to the
change in the original shape and
size of a rock.
• The deformation is caused by
tectonic forces.
ROCK STRESS

• There are three types of tectonic


forces that can deform rock.
• The type of deformation (strain)
experienced by a rock depends
largely on the type of tectonic
force (stress) exerted:
ROCK STRESS

1. Compressional forces (stress)


- generate folding and faulting as
a consequence of shortening.
 These occur along convergent
plate boundaries resulting in
mountain ranges.
ROCK STRESS

2. Tensional forces (stress) –


cause stretching and thinning of
rocks resulting in faulting.
 They are common along
extensional plate boundaries like
mid-ocean ridges.
ROCK STRESS

3. Shearing forces (stress) –


cause rocks to slide horizontally
past one another along transform
plate boundaries, resulting to
extensive fault system.
TECTONIC
PROCESSES
F O L D I N G A N D FA U LT I N G
FOLDING

FOLDING OR FOLDS- occur when rocks are


pushed toward each other from opposite sides.
 produced by horizontal compressive stresses
such as continent-continent collisions or collisions
at any convergent plate boundary.
 may occur in groups and maybe large scale or
small scale.
 Types of folds
a. anticline- the upward arching fold.
b. syncline- the downward arching fold.
FOLDING

LIMBS- the sides of a fold.


DOME- is a circular or elliptical anticline in which
the limbs dip away in all directions.
BASIN- is a circular or elliptical syncline in which
the limbs dip toward the center.
FOLDING
FAULTING

FAULTING – is the fracturing and displacement of


brittle rock strata along a fault plane.
FAULTS – are fractures in the crust along which
displacement has occurred.
Types of Faults:
a. Dip-slip faults- occurs when the movement of
the two blocks is vertical.
Examples:
Normal fault- the hanging wall block moves
down relative to the floor wall block.
FAULTING

Reverse fault- the hanging wall moves up relative


to the foot wall block.
FAULTING

b. Strike-slip fault- occurs when the dominant


displacement is horizontal and parallel.
- maybe described based on their direction or
motion.
Sinistral fault- a strike-slip fault that moves in a
left-lateral motion
Dextral fault- a fault with right- lateral motion.
Transform fault- a special kind of strike-slip fault

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